A numerical investigation of blast-structure interaction effects on primary blast injury risk and the suitability of existing injury prediction methods

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL
J. Denny, G. Langdon, S. Rigby, A. Dickinson, James Batchelor, Lawrence Surey
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Explosions increasingly occur in densely populated, urban locations. Primary blast injuries (PBIs), caused by exposure to blast wave overpressure, can be predicted using injury criteria, although many are based on idealised loading scenarios that do not necessarily reflect real life situations. At present, there is limited understanding of how, and to what extent, blast-structure interaction influences injury risk, and the suitability of injury criteria that assume idealised loading. This work employed computational fluid dynamics to investigate the influence of blast interaction effects such as shielding and channelling on blast load characteristics and predicted PBIs. The validated modelling showed that blast interaction with common urban features like walls and corners resulted in complex waveforms featuring multiple peaks and less clearly defined durations, and that these alter potential injury risk maps. For example, blast shielding due to corners reduced peak overpressures by 43%–60% at locations behind the corner. However, when the urban layout included a corner and a wall structure, higher pressures and impulse due to channelling were observed. The channelling significantly increased the injury risk at the exposed location and reduced the shielding effects behind the corner. In these cases, the application and interpretation of existing injury criteria had several limitations and reduced reliability. This demonstrates that structural-blast interaction from common urban layouts has a significant effect on PBI risk. Specific challenges and further work to develop understanding and reliability of injury prediction for urban blast scenarios are discussed.
爆炸-结构相互作用对原发爆炸伤害风险影响的数值研究以及现有伤害预测方法的适用性
爆炸越来越多地发生在人口稠密的城市地区。暴露于冲击波超压引起的原发性爆炸伤害(PBI)可以使用伤害标准进行预测,尽管许多伤害是基于理想的载荷场景,并不一定反映真实生活情况。目前,对爆炸-结构相互作用如何以及在多大程度上影响损伤风险,以及假设理想载荷的损伤标准的适用性,了解有限。本工作采用计算流体力学方法研究了屏蔽和导流等爆炸相互作用效应对爆炸荷载特性和预测PBI的影响。经过验证的模型表明,爆炸与墙壁和角落等常见城市特征的相互作用导致了复杂的波形,具有多个峰值和不太明确的持续时间,这些波形改变了潜在的伤害风险图。例如,拐角处的防爆屏蔽使拐角后位置的峰值超压降低了43%–60%。然而,当城市布局包括一个角落和一个墙结构时,由于渠化,观察到更高的压力和冲击。通道显著增加了暴露位置的受伤风险,并降低了角落后面的屏蔽效果。在这些情况下,现有损伤标准的应用和解释有几个局限性,可靠性降低。这表明,常见城市布局的结构-爆破相互作用对PBI风险有显著影响。讨论了在城市爆炸场景下发展对伤害预测的理解和可靠性的具体挑战和进一步工作。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
25.00%
发文量
48
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