Neurobiological Changes in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Their Reversibility by Psychotherapy

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI:10.1026/1616-3443/a000650

S. Fischer, S. Schumacher, J. Daniels

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Abstract

Abstract. Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating illness associated with distressing symptoms and a high societal burden. Objective: To investigate the neurobiological underpinnings of PTSD to improve our understanding of this disorder and its treatment. Methods: This article reviews currently researched mechanisms that can explain the development of PTSD symptoms. It presents key findings on neural (i. e., brain functioning and brain structure), neuroendocrine (i. e., noradrenergic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity), and related (epi)‌genetic changes in individuals with PTSD. Furthermore, it presents preliminary research examining the reversibility of these alterations during psychotherapeutic treatment. Results: PTSD is characterized by specific neurobiological alterations, with preliminary findings indicating that at least some of these may normalize during psychotherapy. Discussion: A multidimensional perspective on the development, maintenance, and treatment of PTSD has the potential to improve our understanding of the causal processes underlying the disorder and may ultimately inform the conception of novel treatments.

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创伤后应激障碍的神经生物学变化及其心理治疗的可逆性

摘要背景：创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是一种与痛苦症状和高社会负担相关的使人衰弱的疾病。目的：探讨创伤后应激障碍的神经生物学基础，以提高我们对该障碍及其治疗的认识。方法：本文综述了目前研究的解释PTSD症状发展的机制。它提出了关于神经（i。脑功能和脑结构）、神经内分泌（即。 e.去甲肾上腺素能和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴活性），以及相关（epi）‌PTSD患者的基因变化。此外，它还提出了初步研究，检验这些变化在心理治疗过程中的可逆性。结果：创伤后应激障碍以特定的神经生物学改变为特征，初步研究结果表明，在心理治疗过程中，至少其中一些可能会正常化。讨论：从多维角度看待创伤后应激障碍的发展、维持和治疗，有可能提高我们对该障碍背后的因果过程的理解，并可能最终为新治疗方法的概念提供信息。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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