Importance of nanocomposites in 3D bioprinting: An overview

Abstract

Bioprinting is a cutting-edge technique for creating tissue construction by using cells and biomaterials. This emerging technique created a positive revolution in the field of regenerative medicine. To get tailor-made tissue constructs computer assisted bioprinting technology was in use to get precise results. To improve the precision nanocomposite was used in bio-ink to enhance the performance. A wide variety of nanomaterials were used to create nanocomposites such as to increase functionality. In general, nanomaterials made up of metals, silicon, ceramic, and cellulose carbon were used according to the needs. This study focuses on the current advancements of 3D bioprinting bio-inks made up of varied nanocomposites incorporated with cells with a detailed mention of its fluid resistance, flow, elasticity, shearing stress, fidelity, integrity, strength, printing characteristics, and also its biocompatibility in the biological system. The interaction of biomaterial with cells is examined to elucidate the connections between them. Also, the advantages of each nanocomposite and its uses in the medical field were summarized. The limitations of each nanocomposite were also prospectively reviewed irrespective of their potency to kindle the research towards tailor-made inks according to the needs of the patients with sustainable features in multi-dimensional ways in terms of performance, printability durability, and compatibility.