Characteristic and Management Of Oro-Maxillofacial Trauma in Emergency Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery During Covid-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Crosssectional Study

Abstract

AbstractIntroduction: Oromaxillofacial traumas comprise injuries to the face, jaws, or both that are largely caused by physical forces, foreign bodies, or burns; they include injury to any of the bony structures, skin, and soft tissues around the face. Maxillofacial trauma is related to human activity or mobility, so traffic accidents are the highest cause. During the Covid-19 pandemic, human activity was mostly at home with movement restrictions. This paper aims to describe the types of characteristics and management of oromaxillofacial traumas during covid-19 pandemic at the emergency room RSUP Dr.Hasan Sadikin Bandung Hospital.Methods:  A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate every maxillofacial trauma in patients treated by the oral surgeon in the emergency room at RSUP Dr.Hasan Sadikin Bandung Hospital. Maxillofacial trauma incidence records were taken directly from case reports department of oral and maxillofacial surgery emergency room patients from January 2020-December 2021. The variables considered were: patient age, gender, etiologies, sites, classifications, and management of the trauma. All the information found is then integrated into a table to be analyzed epidemiologically. Result: 177 maxillofacial trauma patients were registered in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery report. It was found that the gender ratio, female to male, is equal to 2.3: 7.6. The 18-36 age group accounted for the largest subgroup in both sexes. Motorcycle accidents accounted for as much as 80.22% of the etiology of the most common traumas. While dentoalveolar (28.22%) was the most common site of the fracture, followed by the mandible (23.31%). Injuries around the mouth make up the most portion (62.15%) regarding the area that is directly impacted by the injuries, followed by injuries to the face (18.64%) and injuries to the mouth and nose combined (6.21%). Among the 177 patients mentioned above, 10.17% were hospitalized.Conclusion: It can be concluded from this cross-sectional study that traffic accidents, mainly motorcycle crashes, are the primary cause of traumas, with males being more prone to accidents. Meanwhile, the dentoalveolar fracture was the most common site of fracture. For this reason, we might be better prepared with all the resources necessary to diagnose and treat patients with oromaxillofacial traumas in the future.