Have Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Juvenile Justice Declined Over Time? An Empirical Assessment of the DMC Mandate

IF 1.5 1区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI:10.1177/1541204020962163

S. Zane

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引用次数: 10

Abstract

The present study examines whether racial and ethnic disparities in juvenile justice declined significantly in a state that has made substantial reform efforts in compliance with the Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) mandate. Using a sample of all referrals in Connecticut with final disposition in 2000 (N = 18,458) or 2010 (N = 12,265), the study employed multilevel modeling with cross-level interactions to assess whether disparities changed over time for five outcomes: detention, petition, adjudication, commitment, and waiver to criminal court. Findings indicated that Black-White disparities in detention decreased over time, while Black-White disparities increased for petition, adjudication, and waiver. Findings also indicated that Hispanic-White disparities increased for adjudication (while not changing for other outcomes). The limited success of the DMC mandate may be explained by implementation failure or theory failure. Adjudicating between these alternative explanations is needed to guide future reform efforts. Several implications for research and policy are discussed, including whether reform efforts should focus on overall harm reduction rather than proportional representation.

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少年司法中的种族和民族差异是否随着时间的推移而减少?DMC任务的经验评估

本研究调查了在一个按照“不成比例的少数群体接触”（DMC）授权进行了大量改革的州，少年司法中的种族和族裔差异是否显著下降。该研究使用了康涅狄格州2000年（N=18458）或2010年（N=12265）最终处置的所有转介样本，采用了跨层次互动的多层次模型来评估五种结果的差异是否随着时间的推移而变化：拘留、请愿、裁决、承诺和放弃刑事法庭。调查结果表明，随着时间的推移，黑人和白人在拘留方面的差异有所减少，而在请愿、裁决和弃权方面的差异则有所增加。调查结果还表明，西班牙裔和白人在裁决方面的差异有所增加（而在其他结果方面没有变化）。DMC授权的有限成功可以用实施失败或理论失败来解释。需要在这些替代解释之间作出判断，以指导未来的改革努力。讨论了对研究和政策的几个影响，包括改革工作是否应该侧重于整体减少伤害，而不是比例代表制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

10.50%

发文量

期刊介绍： Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice: An Interdisciplinary Journal provides academics and practitioners in juvenile justice and related fields with a resource for publishing current empirical research on programs, policies, and practices in the areas of youth violence and juvenile justice. Emphasis is placed on such topics as serious and violent juvenile offenders, juvenile offender recidivism, institutional violence, and other relevant topics to youth violence and juvenile justice such as risk assessment, psychopathy, self-control, and gang membership, among others. Decided emphasis is placed on empirical research with specific implications relevant to juvenile justice process, policy, and administration. Interdisciplinary in scope, Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice serves a diverse audience of academics and practitioners in the fields of criminal justice, education, psychology, social work, behavior analysis, sociology, law, counseling, public health, and all others with an interest in youth violence and juvenile justice.