Hebrew Infusion: Language and Community at American Jewish Summer Camps

IF 0.2 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Laura Novak Winer
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The words and melody of the song still come through strong and clear in the radio of my mind. B’nai Re’im anachnu yadua l’kulam . . . (“We are B’nai Re’im; everyone knows it . . .”) I didn’t know what these words meant, and I have no memory of being taught their meaning. As a Kibbutz camper at Camp Swig in the 1980s, it was a sign of true belonging that I could sing the words loud and clear. I wore that accomplishment with pride. It was only later, as my Hebrew fluency improved, that I was able to piece together the meanings of the words to the song. Hebrew Infusion: Language and Community at American Jewish Summer Camps by Sarah Bunin Benor, Jonathan Krasner, and Sharon Avni uses stories much like my own, as well as historical, ethnographic, and sociolinguistic methods to examine the ideologies and pedagogies of Hebrew education in the American Jewish summer camp setting. They uncover and analyze two models of integrating Hebrew into these primarily Englishspeaking environments: infusion and immersion. The authors define Hebrew infusion as a “socialization process” in which the goal is for campers to develop “feelings of connection” to Judaism and to being Jewish “through the use of Hebrew . . . as the emblematic language of the Jews and Judaism” (p. 3). The goal of Hebrew immersion, on the other hand, is for the campers to develop fluency and competency. In contrast to other recent books about Jewish summer camps, which provide an analysis of the environmental landscape of the American Jewish camp system (Sales & Saxe, 2004) or are studies of specific camps in particular (Cohen & Kress, 2010; Lorge & Zola, 2006; Rothenberg, 2016), Hebrew Infusion offers a distinctive and focused study of one aspect of Jewish summer camping. In this way, Hebrew Infusion is similar to, yet more extensive than, Reimer’s recent research on Shabbat-at-camp (Reimer, 2018). This approach provides the reader with a deep understanding of the purposes, goals, and pedagogies of Hebrew education in the camp setting and offers readers opportunities to extrapolate the findings to consider how they may apply to other Jewish educational settings. The first section of Hebrew Infusion presents historical case studies of models of Hebrew infusion and immersion in early American Jewish summer camps. Cases were developed by examining archival documents, photographs, and artifacts and via interviews of individuals who worked at or attended these camps. Early Reform movement camps—particularly the Union Institute in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, and Camp Saratoga in Saratoga, California—offer cases of Hebrew infusion. These camps incorporated Hebrew words and phrases, songs, prayers, signs, and place names into the camp culture to cultivate “identification and belonging . . . connecting campers with their heritage, the state of Israel, and the camp community” (p. 49).
希伯来语灌输:美国犹太人夏令营的语言和社区
这首歌的歌词和旋律在我脑海中的收音机里依然清晰有力。B'nai Re'im anachnu yadua l'kulam。(“我们是B'nai Re'im;每个人都知道……”)我不知道这些词的意思,也不记得有人教我它们的意思。20世纪80年代,作为Swig营地的Kibbutz露营者,我能大声清晰地唱出歌词,这是一种真正的归属感。我骄傲地展示了这一成就。直到后来,随着我希伯来语流利程度的提高,我才能够拼凑出歌曲中单词的含义。Sarah Bunin Benor、Jonathan Krasner和Sharon Avni的《希伯来语灌输:美国犹太人夏令营的语言与社区》使用了与我自己的故事非常相似的故事,以及历史、民族志和社会语言学的方法来研究美国犹太夏令营中希伯来语教育的意识形态和教学法。他们揭示并分析了将希伯来语融入这些主要讲英语的环境的两种模式:灌输和沉浸。作者将希伯来语灌输定义为一个“社会化过程”,在这个过程中,露营者的目标是“通过使用希伯来语……作为犹太人和犹太教的象征性语言”,发展与犹太教和身为犹太人的“联系感”(第3页)。另一方面,融入希伯来语的目的是让露营者发展流利性和能力。与最近出版的其他关于犹太夏令营的书不同,这些书对美国犹太夏令营系统的环境景观进行了分析(Sales&Saxe,2004),或者特别是对特定夏令营的研究(Cohen&Kress,2010;Lorge和Zola,2006;Rothenberg,2016),Hebrew Infusion对犹太人夏令营的一个方面进行了独特而集中的研究。通过这种方式,希伯来语灌注与Reimer最近对夏令营安息日的研究相似,但更广泛(Reimer,2018)。这种方法使读者深入了解营地环境中希伯来语教育的目的、目标和教学法,并为读者提供机会推断研究结果,以考虑如何将其应用于其他犹太教育环境。希伯来语灌输的第一部分介绍了早期美国犹太夏令营中希伯来语灌输和沉浸模式的历史案例研究。案例是通过检查档案文件、照片和文物,并通过采访在这些营地工作或参加这些营地的个人来开发的。早期改革运动营地——特别是威斯康星州奥科诺莫沃克的联合研究所和加利福尼亚州萨拉托加的萨拉托加营地——提供希伯来语灌输案例。这些营地将希伯来语单词和短语、歌曲、祈祷、标志和地名融入营地文化,以培养“认同感和归属感……将露营者与他们的遗产、以色列国和营地社区联系起来”(第49页)。
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来源期刊
Journal of Jewish Education
Journal of Jewish Education EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH-
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
75.00%
发文量
15
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