Developmental Stages of Information and Communication Technology

IF 4.7 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Communication Theory Pub Date : 2020-08-12 DOI:10.1093/ct/qtaa015

Anthony Löwstedt

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

With a media anthropological-philosophical approach to ICT, four convergent developmental stages are distinguished and defined: pictography, ethography, phonography, and prography. They are invented/acquired in this sequence by human individuals as well as the human genus in general. Pictograms were first invented in forager cultures, ethograms in permanently settled village communities, phonograms in the early cities and civilizations of southwest Asia and northeast Africa, and electronic programs in a globalized society under North Atlantic domination. Print is considered as a corollary to phonography. Anthropological contextualization of technologies and institutions and the socio-politico-economic inclusivity and exclusivity of media are highlighted. Since the ‘agricultural revolution’, exclusive as well as inclusive media have accompanied humanity. Lately, inclusive potential has grown again through the accessibility, ubiquity, and convergent depth of prography. However, new challenges to inclusivity, including new forms of surveillance, weaponization of the media and widening wealth disparities, have materialized in the same context.

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信息通信技术的发展阶段

通过对信息通信技术的媒介人类学-哲学方法，区分和定义了四个趋同的发展阶段:象形文字、人种文字、语音文字和文字。它们是由人类个体以及一般人类在这个序列中发明/获得的。象形文字最早出现在游牧文化中，文字最早出现在永久定居的村庄社区中，留声机最早出现在亚洲西南部和非洲东北部的早期城市和文明中，电子程序最早出现在北大西洋统治下的全球化社会中。印刷术被认为是唱片法的必然产物。强调了技术和制度的人类学语境化以及媒体的社会政治经济包容性和排他性。自“农业革命”以来，媒体的排他性与包容性一直伴随着人类。最近，通过图形的可访问性、普遍性和融合深度，包容性潜力再次增长。然而，在同样的背景下，包容性面临新的挑战，包括新形式的监视、媒体武器化和贫富差距扩大。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Communication Theory COMMUNICATION-

CiteScore

9.00

自引率

2.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： Communication Theory is an international forum publishing high quality, original research into the theoretical development of communication from across a wide array of disciplines, such as communication studies, sociology, psychology, political science, cultural and gender studies, philosophy, linguistics, and literature. A journal of the International Communication Association, Communication Theory especially welcomes work in the following areas of research, all of them components of ICA: Communication and Technology, Communication Law and Policy, Ethnicity and Race in Communication, Feminist Scholarship, Global Communication and Social Change, Health Communication, Information Systems, Instructional/Developmental Communication, Intercultural Communication, Interpersonal Communication, Journalism Studies, Language and Social Interaction, Mass Communication, Organizational Communication, Philosophy of Communication, Political Communication, Popular Communication, Public Relations, Visual Communication Studies, Children, Adolescents and the Media, Communication History, Game Studies, Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Studies, and Intergroup Communication. The journal aims to be inclusive in theoretical approaches insofar as these pertain to communication theory.