Factors influencing mesenchymal stromal cells in in vitro cellular models to study retinal pigment epithelial cell rescue.

Abstract

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) stop or slow retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neuroretina (NR) degeneration by paracrine activity in oxidative stress-induced retinal degenerative diseases. However, it is mandatory to develop adequate in vitro models that allow testing new treatment strategies against oxidative stress before performing in vivo studies. The viable double- and triple-layered setups are composed of separate layers of NR, MSC, and RPE (NR-MSC-RPE, NR-RPE, MSC-RPE) partially mimic in vivo retinal conditions. In this study, the paracrine neuroprotective effect of each setup's microenvironment on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-stressed was compared with unstressed RPE cells. RPE cell proliferation viability was assessed on day 1, 3, and 6 using Alamar Blue® (10%), MTT (10%) and a cell viability/cytotoxicity assay kit followed by data analysis. The results showed that RPE cells, highly viable (> 90%) in mixed medium of DMEM and neurobasal A (1:1), lost 50% viability on exposure to 400 µM of H₂O₂ (P < 0.05). The unexposed groups differed significantly from exposed groups for RPE cell growth (RPE and [Formula: see text]RPE (P < 0.0001), NR-MSC-RPE, and NR-MSC-[Formula: see text]RPE (P < 0.05), NR-RPE and NR-[Formula: see text]RPE (P < 0.01), and MSC-RPE and MSC-[Formula: see text]RPE (P < 0.01). NR-[Formula: see text]RPE and NR-RPE supported RPE cell proliferation viability better than other setups (P < 0.01) and RPE cells proliferated 0.49-fold more in NR-MSC-[Formula: see text]RPE than NR-MSC-RPE. Thus, NR and MSC presence improved significantly each setup's microenvironment for cell rescue, nevertheless, each setup also showed limitations for its use as an in vitro study tool. Health of microenvironment of such setups depends on many factors including cell-secreted trophic factors.