Evolution of the grain structure of metals and alloys under severe plastic deformation: continuum models

Q3 Materials Science
П.В. Трусов, Т.В. Останина, А.И. Швейкин, P. Trusov, Tatyana V. Ostanina – CSc, T. V. Ostanina, A. Shveykin
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Products made of metals and alloys with a fine-grained structure, which have high physical, mechanical and operational characteristics, are becoming increasingly in demand in many technical and technological fields. The most common and efficient technologies for the production of parts from this class of materials are various processes of severe plastic deformation (SPD) (in general practice, at low homologous temperatures). At the same time, to achieve high degrees of deformation, a significant part of metals and alloys require increased processing temperatures, undergo significant heating during deformation processes, which may be accompanied by changes in the grain and subgrain structure due to recovery and recrystallization processes. An empirical approach to the development of SPD modes that ensure the formation of the necessary grain structure requires huge time and financial costs, and therefore considerable attention is paid by researchers in the field of solid mechanics and metal forming to approaches and methods of mathematical modeling. In connection with the foregoing, the number of publications on this subject has been intensively growing in recent years. The currently known models differ significantly in their approaches, the depth of penetration into the physics of processes, and the scope of consideration. The proposed brief review is focused on a qualitative analysis of works on this topic, a preliminary classification of existing models according to their purpose, versatility, and functionality. It seems possible to single out the two most common approaches to describing the change in the grain structure in the processes of thermomechanical processing of metals and alloys: continual (in most cases, single-level) and multilevel, based on the introduction of internal variables and physical theories. This review is devoted to the consideration of publications focused on the first of these approaches. Until now, the most common are macrophenomenological continuum models based on the analysis of experimental data conducted both in laboratories on macrosamples and in real production conditions. Models of this class are usually formulated in the form of operator relations over field quantities, they are relatively easy to implement due to their easy “embedding” into widely used commercial software packages, but they require significant costs for experiments to identify models, they are characterized by a low degree of versatility. Continuous theories are relatively less common, but still often used. These theories are based on the description of physical mechanisms and the evolution of the structure of metals and alloys in terms of continuum variables.
金属和合金在剧烈塑性变形下晶粒组织的演变:连续统模型
由细晶结构的金属和合金制成的产品,具有很高的物理、机械和操作特性,在许多技术和工艺领域的需求越来越大。从这类材料中生产零件的最常见和最有效的技术是各种严重塑性变形(SPD)工艺(通常在低同源温度下)。同时,为了达到高变形程度,很大一部分金属和合金需要提高加工温度,在变形过程中经历显著的加热,这可能伴随着由于恢复和再结晶过程而引起的晶粒和亚晶粒结构的变化。基于经验的方法来开发SPD模式,以确保必要晶粒结构的形成,需要花费大量的时间和金钱,因此固体力学和金属成形领域的研究人员非常重视数学建模的途径和方法。鉴于上述情况,近年来关于这一主题的出版物数量一直在急剧增加。目前已知的模型在它们的方法、渗透到过程物理的深度和考虑的范围上有很大的不同。建议的简要回顾集中在对该主题的作品进行定性分析,根据其目的,多功能性和功能对现有模型进行初步分类。似乎有可能挑选出两种最常见的方法来描述金属和合金热机械加工过程中晶粒结构的变化:基于引入内部变量和物理理论的连续(在大多数情况下,单层)和多层。这篇综述是专门考虑的出版物集中在这些方法的第一。到目前为止,最常见的是基于实验室对宏观样品和实际生产条件进行的实验数据分析的宏观现象学连续体模型。这类模型通常以场量上的算子关系的形式表示,由于它们易于“嵌入”到广泛使用的商业软件包中,因此相对容易实现,但它们需要大量的实验成本来识别模型,它们的特点是通用性较低。连续理论相对来说不太常见,但仍然经常使用。这些理论是基于对金属和合金的物理机制和结构演变的描述。
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来源期刊
PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin
PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin Materials Science-Materials Science (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
1.10
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0.00%
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