Determinants of school-to-work transition: global outlook

IF 4.6 3区 管理学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR
M. Choudhry, Francesco Pastore
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

PurposePart 2 of the Special Issue on “School-to-Work Transition Around the World: The Effect of the Pandemic Recession-Global Perspective” focuses on the global panorama of school-to-work transition (STWT). With young people constituting a significant portion of the world's population, their seamless transition from education to employment is paramount for the present and future labor force. This study explores various dimensions influencing youth's STWT worldwide, including education-job mismatch, early career outcomes, young entrepreneurs' profiles, gender and informal sector wage gaps, social capital, social network sites' usage, job attributes and returns to schooling. These insights shed light on the intricate nature of global STWT, offering valuable guidance for policymakers and practitioners. This paper aims to discuss the aforementioned ideas.Design/methodology/approachThe study builds on the country-specific contributions of the papers selected in the Special Issue by supporting it with additional literature. Moreover, the study reveals a more holistic and global understanding of the school-to-work transition by zooming out on the specific geographic contexts.FindingsThis paper examines the school-to-employment transition challenges in various countries. In Italy, PhD holders face wage disadvantages, especially in physics, engineering, social sciences and humanities. Education positively impacts transition speed, employability and earnings, but effects differ across birth cohorts. Italian women encounter persistent wage gaps, experiencing both a “sticky floor” and “glass ceiling” effect, and in Zambia, working while studying enhances the youth's chances of finding well-matched jobs. Albanian public sector careers rely on political connections over merit, revealing political clientelism. Russian research confirms a 20 percent gender wage gap due to occupational segregation. Polish informal workers generally earn less, with higher penalties for low-wage earners. In Australia, social network site usage yields positive and negative effects on teens' school and work balance. Global analysis reveals varying education returns, with rural areas showing lower returns and women benefiting more than men. Africa and Latin America exhibit higher education returns than Asia and Eastern Europe.Social implicationsThis study provides valuable insights into how various countries address the challenges of transitioning from school to work and identifies the educational and economic factors contributing to a successful transition. Given that extended transition periods, high rates of youth unemployment and high NEET rates continue to be a concern for many countries around the world, the implications of this study are significant and extend beyond national borders, despite variations in the specific circumstances analyzed.Originality/valueThe study summarizes the experiences of specific developed and developing countries concerning youth unemployment and their smooth school-to-work transition. Detailed discussions of country experiences around the globe provide valuable guidance for policymakers and practitioners.
从学校到工作转变的决定因素:全球展望
目的:《世界各地从学校到工作的转变:大流行经济衰退的影响——全球视角》特刊第2部分侧重于全球范围内从学校到工作的转变。由于年轻人占世界人口的很大一部分,他们从教育到就业的无缝过渡对当前和未来的劳动力至关重要。本研究探讨了影响全球青年STWT的各个维度,包括教育-工作错配、早期职业成果、青年企业家概况、性别和非正规部门工资差距、社会资本、社交网站使用、工作属性和学校回报。这些见解揭示了全球STWT错综复杂的本质,为政策制定者和从业者提供了宝贵的指导。本文旨在对上述思想进行探讨。设计/方法/方法本研究以特刊中所选论文的国别贡献为基础,并辅以其他文献。此外,该研究通过缩小特定的地理背景,揭示了对从学校到工作的转变的更全面和全球的理解。本文考察了不同国家从学校到就业的转型挑战。在意大利,博士学位持有者面临工资劣势,尤其是在物理、工程、社会科学和人文科学领域。教育对转型速度、就业能力和收入有积极影响,但对不同出生群体的影响有所不同。意大利女性面临着持续的工资差距,经历了“粘底”和“玻璃天花板”效应;在赞比亚,边工作边学习增加了年轻人找到合适工作的机会。阿尔巴尼亚人在公共部门的职业生涯依赖于政治关系而非个人能力,这暴露了政治庇护主义。俄罗斯的研究证实,由于职业隔离,男女工资差距达20%。波兰非正规工人一般收入较低,对低收入者的处罚较高。在澳大利亚,社交网站的使用对青少年学业和工作的平衡产生了积极和消极的影响。全球分析显示,教育回报各不相同,农村地区的回报较低,女性比男性受益更多。非洲和拉丁美洲的教育回报率高于亚洲和东欧。社会意义本研究为各国如何应对从学校到工作的转变挑战提供了有价值的见解,并确定了促进成功转变的教育和经济因素。鉴于过渡时期延长、青年失业率高和啃老族失业率高仍然是世界上许多国家关注的问题,尽管所分析的具体情况有所不同,但本研究的影响是重大的,而且超出了国界。原创性/价值本研究总结了具体发达国家和发展中国家在青年失业及其顺利从学校到工作过渡方面的经验。对全球各国经验的详细讨论为政策制定者和实践者提供了宝贵的指导。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
11.40%
发文量
80
期刊介绍: ■Employee welfare ■Human aspects during the introduction of technology ■Human resource recruitment, retention and development ■National and international aspects of HR planning ■Objectives of human resource planning and forecasting requirements ■The working environment
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