Ari Andayani, Ketut Sugama, Ibnu Rusdi, Estu Sri Luhur, Sulaeman Sulaeman, Rasidi Rasidi, Isti Koesharyani
{"title":"KAJIAN PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA KEPITING BAKAU (SCYLLA SPP) DI INDONESIA","authors":"Ari Andayani, Ketut Sugama, Ibnu Rusdi, Estu Sri Luhur, Sulaeman Sulaeman, Rasidi Rasidi, Isti Koesharyani","doi":"10.15578/jkpi.14.2.2022.41-52","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Nilai ekspor kepiting Indonesia turun drastis mulai tahun 2015, sedikit mengalami peningkatan di tahun 2019 namun masih jauh dibandingkan nilai ekspor tahun 2013 dan 2014. Komoditas kepiting Indonesia memiliki daya saing yang kuat di pasar ekspor ditunjukan dengan nilai RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) diatas satu. Data tahun 2019 menunjukkan Indonesia baru menyumbang 1,66% dari total nilai ekspor kepiting dunia. Volume produksi kepiting dari tahun 2015-2017 masih didominasi oleh tangkapan alam sekitar 75-85% sedangkan produksi dari budidaya hanya 15-25%. Dari produksi kepiting budidaya 15-25% tersebut benihnya masih bergantung dari alam. Produksi kepiting Indonesia masih bergantung pada hasil tangkapan alam, sementara pemanfaatan sumber daya kepiting terbatas. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran kondisi saat ini budidaya kepiting bakau dan merumuskan strategi pengembangan budidaya kepiting yang belum berkembang secara optimal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui study literatur, wawancara dan Focus Group Disscussion (FGD) yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Permasalahan budidaya kepiting saat ini adalah benih sulit didapatkan pada bulan-bulan tertentu sehingga kegiatan budidaya terganggu. Mengingat pasar yang masih terbuka luas, namun hasil tangkapan mulai berkurang ditandai sulitnya memperoleh benih kepiting dari alam secara kontinyu, maka kegiatan budidaya dari pembenihan harus segera diwujudkan dan ditingkatkan produksinya. Kebutuhan benih untuk kegiatan budidaya sangat besar sehingga diperlukan banyak hatchery.The export value of Indonesian crabs fell drastically starting in 2015, with a slight increase in 2019 but still far from the export values of 2013 and 2014. Indonesian crab commodities have strong competitiveness in the export market as indicated by the RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) value above one. Data for 2019 showed Indonesia only contributed 1.66% of the total world crab export value. The volume of crab production from 2015-2017 is still dominated by natural catch, around 75-85%, while production from aquaculture is 15-25%. Of the production of cultivated crabs, 15-25% still depend on natural seeds. Indonesia's crab production still relies on natural catches, while the utilization of crab resources is limited. This study aims to provide an overview of the current condition of mud crab culture and formulate a strategy for developing crab culture that has not developed optimally. The method used in this research is through literature study, interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), which were analyzed descriptively. The problem with crab cultivation today is that seeds are challenging to obtain in certain months, so cultivation activities are disrupted. The market is still wide open, but the catch is starting to decrease, marked by the difficulty of continuously obtaining crab seeds from nature. The cultivation activities from hatcheries must be realized, and production must increase. Seeds for cultivation activities are huge, so many hatcheries are needed.","PeriodicalId":31078,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.14.2.2022.41-52","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Nilai ekspor kepiting Indonesia turun drastis mulai tahun 2015, sedikit mengalami peningkatan di tahun 2019 namun masih jauh dibandingkan nilai ekspor tahun 2013 dan 2014. Komoditas kepiting Indonesia memiliki daya saing yang kuat di pasar ekspor ditunjukan dengan nilai RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) diatas satu. Data tahun 2019 menunjukkan Indonesia baru menyumbang 1,66% dari total nilai ekspor kepiting dunia. Volume produksi kepiting dari tahun 2015-2017 masih didominasi oleh tangkapan alam sekitar 75-85% sedangkan produksi dari budidaya hanya 15-25%. Dari produksi kepiting budidaya 15-25% tersebut benihnya masih bergantung dari alam. Produksi kepiting Indonesia masih bergantung pada hasil tangkapan alam, sementara pemanfaatan sumber daya kepiting terbatas. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran kondisi saat ini budidaya kepiting bakau dan merumuskan strategi pengembangan budidaya kepiting yang belum berkembang secara optimal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui study literatur, wawancara dan Focus Group Disscussion (FGD) yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Permasalahan budidaya kepiting saat ini adalah benih sulit didapatkan pada bulan-bulan tertentu sehingga kegiatan budidaya terganggu. Mengingat pasar yang masih terbuka luas, namun hasil tangkapan mulai berkurang ditandai sulitnya memperoleh benih kepiting dari alam secara kontinyu, maka kegiatan budidaya dari pembenihan harus segera diwujudkan dan ditingkatkan produksinya. Kebutuhan benih untuk kegiatan budidaya sangat besar sehingga diperlukan banyak hatchery.The export value of Indonesian crabs fell drastically starting in 2015, with a slight increase in 2019 but still far from the export values of 2013 and 2014. Indonesian crab commodities have strong competitiveness in the export market as indicated by the RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) value above one. Data for 2019 showed Indonesia only contributed 1.66% of the total world crab export value. The volume of crab production from 2015-2017 is still dominated by natural catch, around 75-85%, while production from aquaculture is 15-25%. Of the production of cultivated crabs, 15-25% still depend on natural seeds. Indonesia's crab production still relies on natural catches, while the utilization of crab resources is limited. This study aims to provide an overview of the current condition of mud crab culture and formulate a strategy for developing crab culture that has not developed optimally. The method used in this research is through literature study, interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), which were analyzed descriptively. The problem with crab cultivation today is that seeds are challenging to obtain in certain months, so cultivation activities are disrupted. The market is still wide open, but the catch is starting to decrease, marked by the difficulty of continuously obtaining crab seeds from nature. The cultivation activities from hatcheries must be realized, and production must increase. Seeds for cultivation activities are huge, so many hatcheries are needed.