A rare case of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava in a 32‐year‐old patient

Abstract

Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor that develops from the smooth muscle constituents of the middle layer in veins, usually affecting the inferior vena cava (IVC); however, this disease is observed in older patients. In this report, we describe a rare case of a 32‐year‐old female patient who presented with leiomyosarcoma. Initially, the patient complained of moderate‐intensity pain in the abdominal region of the right hypochondrium and nausea, worsening postprandial starting 6 days earlier. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a heterogeneous hypoechoic expansive formation, with lobulated contours and ill‐defined limits in the projection of the IVC. Inferior vena cavography, showed obliteration of the vessel in almost all of its extensions. Magnetic resonance examination showed a large expansive lesion occupying the IVC. The lesion was resected, and the specimen was sent for anatomopathological analysis, which showed a leiomyosarcoma of the IVC. Patients with leiomyosarcoma have a poor prognosis, and early diagnosis and complete resection with free surgical margins are the only chance of long‐term survival. The report stands out due to the appearance of this condition in a young patient with no family history of this disease or other predisposing carcinogenic pathologies.