{"title":"México en el Cono Sur: asilo diplomático y lecciones de su práctica en los años setenta","authors":"Silvia Dutrénit Bielous","doi":"10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a01","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"espanolPara la tradicional politica de asilo mexicana, los anos setenta resultaron significativos por confrontacion con otras realidades. Resultaron, a la vez, significativos por los retos que la diplomacia debio sortear con el instrumento vigente (Convencion de Asilo Diplomatico de 1954). Tambien lo fueron por las distintas apreciaciones sobre el riesgo de los solicitantes de proteccion, asi como por los intereses particulares del Estado mexicano respecto a sus pares del sur latinoamericano.Un acercamiento a las experiencias de Argentina, Chile y Uruguay hace posible observar consideraciones y variables que se le presentan a un mismo Estado asilante, el mexicano, ante realidades politicas en apariencia similares y simultaneas, pero que no lo eran en los hechos.A partir de historiar sus aspectos distintivos, en el articulo se observan algunos asuntos medulares de la norma regulada en 1954. Asimismo, con esa observacion sera posible delimitar formas de interpretacion y de su aplicacion. Este recorrido desembocara en una posible explicacion de las tensiones que se produjeron entre la norma y los hechos del asilo, advirtiendo que la primera no se ajustaba a las circunstancias en que se aplico. La reflexion final es factible que sea util a la luz de un nuevo y diverso presente, en donde se ubican protagonistas en la toma de decisiones, tanto en la (re) elaboracion de los instrumentos juridicos interamericanos como en los nacionales. Pero estas experiencias no deberian obviarse en la formacion del cuerpo diplomatico de las distintas cancillerias. EnglishFor the traditional Mexican asylum policy, the 1970s proved significant by confrontation with other realities. They were also significant because of the challenges that diplomacy had to overcome with the existing instrument (Convention on Diplomatic Asylum of 1954). They were also significant because of the various perceptions of risk of the protection applicants, as well as for the particular interests of the Mexican State regarding its peers in Southern Latin America. An approach to the experiences of Argentina, Chile and Uruguay makes it possible to observe considerations and variables presented to the same asylum State, Mexico, from political realities that appeared similar and simultaneous but that were not so according to the facts.From writing the history of its distinctive aspects, the article observes some core issues of the norm regulated in 1954. From this observation, it will be possible to determine ways of interpretation and its application. This journey will lead to a possible explanation of the tensions between the norm and the facts of the asylum, highlighting that the former did not fit the circumstances in which it was applied. The final reflection is potentially useful in the light of a new and diverse present, where protagonists in the decision making are located, both in the (re)elaboration of the inter-American legal instruments as in the national ones. But these experiences should not be ignored in the formation of the diplomatic corps of the various chancelleries.","PeriodicalId":55712,"journal":{"name":"EntreDiversidades Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades","volume":"7 1","pages":"6-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"EntreDiversidades Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a01","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
espanolPara la tradicional politica de asilo mexicana, los anos setenta resultaron significativos por confrontacion con otras realidades. Resultaron, a la vez, significativos por los retos que la diplomacia debio sortear con el instrumento vigente (Convencion de Asilo Diplomatico de 1954). Tambien lo fueron por las distintas apreciaciones sobre el riesgo de los solicitantes de proteccion, asi como por los intereses particulares del Estado mexicano respecto a sus pares del sur latinoamericano.Un acercamiento a las experiencias de Argentina, Chile y Uruguay hace posible observar consideraciones y variables que se le presentan a un mismo Estado asilante, el mexicano, ante realidades politicas en apariencia similares y simultaneas, pero que no lo eran en los hechos.A partir de historiar sus aspectos distintivos, en el articulo se observan algunos asuntos medulares de la norma regulada en 1954. Asimismo, con esa observacion sera posible delimitar formas de interpretacion y de su aplicacion. Este recorrido desembocara en una posible explicacion de las tensiones que se produjeron entre la norma y los hechos del asilo, advirtiendo que la primera no se ajustaba a las circunstancias en que se aplico. La reflexion final es factible que sea util a la luz de un nuevo y diverso presente, en donde se ubican protagonistas en la toma de decisiones, tanto en la (re) elaboracion de los instrumentos juridicos interamericanos como en los nacionales. Pero estas experiencias no deberian obviarse en la formacion del cuerpo diplomatico de las distintas cancillerias. EnglishFor the traditional Mexican asylum policy, the 1970s proved significant by confrontation with other realities. They were also significant because of the challenges that diplomacy had to overcome with the existing instrument (Convention on Diplomatic Asylum of 1954). They were also significant because of the various perceptions of risk of the protection applicants, as well as for the particular interests of the Mexican State regarding its peers in Southern Latin America. An approach to the experiences of Argentina, Chile and Uruguay makes it possible to observe considerations and variables presented to the same asylum State, Mexico, from political realities that appeared similar and simultaneous but that were not so according to the facts.From writing the history of its distinctive aspects, the article observes some core issues of the norm regulated in 1954. From this observation, it will be possible to determine ways of interpretation and its application. This journey will lead to a possible explanation of the tensions between the norm and the facts of the asylum, highlighting that the former did not fit the circumstances in which it was applied. The final reflection is potentially useful in the light of a new and diverse present, where protagonists in the decision making are located, both in the (re)elaboration of the inter-American legal instruments as in the national ones. But these experiences should not be ignored in the formation of the diplomatic corps of the various chancelleries.