The New Reality: Non-Eyewitness Identifications in a Surveillance World

IF 4.4 2区 化学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
K. Pezdek, Tamar Lerer
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Cognitive scientists have firmly established the risk of eyewitness misidentifications, and in response, courts have adopted legal safeguards to forestall this possibility; however, there are few safeguards against misidentifications by non-eyewitnesses. We define non-eyewitnesses as people who did not actually observe an event but nonetheless testify about who they think is depicted in a video of the event on the basis of their prior familiarity with the person they believe is depicted. In this review, we discuss the accuracy with which people typically recognize people from videos; in fact, these non-eyewitness identifications are far from perfect. We then explore seven factors that affect the accuracy of non-eyewitness identifications and organize these factors around three categories of bias—case-specific bias, person-specific bias, and general cognitive bias—that are likely to reduce the probability of a correct identification. We conclude with a proposed two-prong framework for determining the admissibility of non-eyewitness identifications in court and call for the adoption of legal safeguards against non-eyewitness misidentifications.
新现实:监视世界中的非目击证人身份
认知科学家已经确定了目击者错认的风险,作为回应,法院采取了法律保障措施来防止这种可能性;然而,对于非目击者的误认,几乎没有防范措施。我们将非目击证人定义为没有实际观察到事件的人,但根据他们之前对所描绘的人的熟悉程度,他们可以证明他们认为事件视频中描绘的是谁。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了人们通常从视频中识别人的准确性;事实上,这些非目击证人的鉴定远非完美。然后,我们探索了影响非目击证人识别准确性的七个因素,并将这些因素围绕三种偏见进行组织——案例特定偏见、个人特定偏见和一般认知偏见——这些偏见可能会降低正确识别的可能性。最后,我们提出了一个双管齐下的框架,用于确定法庭上非目击证人身份的可采性,并呼吁采取法律保障措施,防止非目击证人的错误指认。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
6.00%
发文量
810
期刊介绍: ACS Applied Polymer Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of engineering, chemistry, physics, and biology relevant to applications of polymers. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrates fundamental knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, polymer science and chemistry into important polymer applications. The journal is specifically interested in work that addresses relationships among structure, processing, morphology, chemistry, properties, and function as well as work that provide insights into mechanisms critical to the performance of the polymer for applications.
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