Degradability and Biochemical Pathways of the Endocrine-disrupting Plasticizers Phthalate Esters in Plastics by Microorganisms

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
J. Gu, Tsz Ching Mak
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are a group of endocrine-disrupting organic chemicals commonly used as additives in the manufacturing of a wide range of plastics. Large quantities of different phthalate esters have been used in specific products for quality and performance by the manufacturing industries, and they pose a significant risk to human health and the ecological quality of the environments due to leaching out of phthalates from plastic products and their high mobility. Since phthalate esters are most removed efficiently through biodegradation by microorganisms in the environments, it is important to understand the efficiency, microorganisms involved, biochemical transformation processes and mechanisms of phthalate metabolism by the specific microorganisms. This article addresses the degradation of endocrine-disrupting phthalates and their fates by an integrative comparison and analysis on efficient PAEs-degrading microorganisms, the microbial metabolism, and the biochemical processes and limitation. The comparison reveals that no significant difference is evident on efficiencies between single strains of bacteria or the mixed bacterial consortia when degradation can be carried out. However, there are a few important characteristics among the efficiencies of the PAEs-degrading bacteria. The microorganisms shall utilize the specific phthalate ester as the sole source of carbon and energy. They shall mineralize the substrates, including the original compound and its degradation intermediates to achieve a complete removal. In addition, it is of practical importance for the bacteria to adapt and survive in a range of temperatures, salinity and pH as well as in the presence of indigenous microorganisms in bioremediation of contaminated sites or wastewater treatment. This review also reveals that caution should be given to both the presentation and interpretation of the degradation results for a comprehensive knowledge, particularly data on bacterial growth, extraction and analysis of residual PAEs, and the confounding use of surfactants or co-substrate in the research. The public awareness of plasticizers as an environmental pollutant is mostly due to its increasing quantities being used, constant contacts with human population on a daily basis and potential health hazards. Its toxicity shall be address more focused on reproductive biology meaningfully than the traditional mortality test in toxicology for the significant effects on animals including human.
内分泌破坏型增塑剂邻苯二甲酸酯在塑料中的微生物降解及生化途径
邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是一组干扰内分泌的有机化学品,通常用作各种塑料制造中的添加剂。制造业在特定产品中使用了大量不同的邻苯二甲酸酯,以提高产品的质量和性能,由于塑料产品中的邻苯苯二甲酸酯类物质的浸出及其高流动性,它们对人类健康和环境生态质量构成了重大风险。由于邻苯二甲酸酯是通过环境中微生物的生物降解最有效地去除的,因此了解特定微生物代谢邻苯二酸酯的效率、所涉及的微生物、生物化学转化过程和机制是很重要的。本文通过对高效PAEs降解微生物、微生物代谢、生化过程和局限性的综合比较和分析,阐述了内分泌干扰物邻苯二甲酸酯的降解及其命运。比较表明,当可以进行降解时,单个菌株或混合细菌群落之间的效率没有明显差异。然而,在PAEs降解细菌的效率中有一些重要的特征。微生物应利用特定的邻苯二甲酸酯作为碳和能量的唯一来源。它们应矿化基质,包括原始化合物及其降解中间体,以实现完全去除。此外,在污染场地的生物修复或废水处理中,细菌在一定温度、盐度和pH范围内以及在本地微生物存在的情况下适应和存活具有实际意义。这篇综述还表明,为了获得全面的知识,特别是关于细菌生长、残留PAEs的提取和分析的数据,以及研究中表面活性剂或共底物的混淆使用,应谨慎介绍和解释降解结果。公众对增塑剂作为一种环境污染物的认识主要是由于其使用量不断增加、每天与人类不断接触以及潜在的健康危害。其毒性应更侧重于生殖生物学,而不是毒理学中的传统死亡率测试,因为它对包括人类在内的动物有重大影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Applied Environmental Biotechnology
Applied Environmental Biotechnology Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
2
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