Haptoglobin as a Biomarker

IF 0.6 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI:10.1134/S1990750821030069

S. N. Naryzny, O. K. Legina

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引用次数: 3

Abstract—

Haptoglobin (Hp) is a glycoprotein that binds free hemoglobin (Hb) in plasma and plays a critical role in tissue protection and prevention of oxidative damage. Besides, it has some regulatory functions. Haptoglobin is an acute-phase protein, its concentration in plasma changes in pathology, and the test for its concentration is part of normal clinical practice. Haptoglobin is a conservative protein synthesized mainly in the liver and lungs and is the subject of research as a potential biomarker of many diseases, including various forms of malignant neoplasms. Haptoglobin has several unique biophysical characteristics. The human Нр gene is polymorphic, has three structural alleles that control the synthesis of three major phenotypes of haptoglobin: homozygous Нр1-1 and Нр2-2, and heterozygous Нр2-1, determined by a combination of allelic variants that are inherited. Numerous studies indicate that the phenotype of haptoglobin can be used to judge the individual predisposition of a person to various diseases. In addition, Hp undergoes various post-translational modifications (PTMs). These are structural transformations (removal of the signal peptide, cutting off the Pre-Hp precursor molecule into two subunits, α and β, limited proteolysis of α-chains, formation of disulfide bonds, multimerization), as well as chemical modifications of α-chains and glycosylation of the β-chain. Glycosylation of the β-chain of haptoglobin at four Asn sites is the most important variable PTM that regulates the structure and function of the glycoprotein. The study of modified oligosaccharides of the β-chain of Hp has become the main direction in the study of pathological processes, including malignant neoplasms. These characteristics indicate the possibility of the existence of Hp in the form of a multitude of proteoforms, probably performing different functions. This review is devoted to the description of the structural and functional diversity and the potential use of Hp as a biomarker of various pathologies.

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触珠蛋白作为生物标志物

haptoglobin (Hp)是一种结合血浆中游离血红蛋白(Hb)的糖蛋白，在组织保护和预防氧化损伤中起关键作用。此外，它还具有一定的调节功能。触珠蛋白是一种急性期蛋白，其在血浆中的浓度随病理变化而变化，其浓度检测是正常临床实践的一部分。触珠蛋白是一种主要在肝脏和肺部合成的保守蛋白，是许多疾病的潜在生物标志物，包括各种形式的恶性肿瘤的研究对象。珠蛋白具有几个独特的生物物理特性。人类Нр基因是多态的，有三个结构等位基因控制三种主要接触珠蛋白表型的合成:纯合子Нр1-1和Нр2-2，以及杂合子Нр2-1，由遗传的等位基因变异组合决定。大量研究表明，联珠蛋白的表型可以用来判断一个人对各种疾病的个体易感性。此外，Hp还经历各种翻译后修饰(PTMs)。这些是结构转化(去除信号肽，将Pre-Hp前体分子切断成两个亚基，α和β， α-链的有限蛋白水解，二硫键的形成，多聚)，以及α-链的化学修饰和β-链的糖基化。接触珠蛋白β链在4个Asn位点的糖基化是调节糖蛋白结构和功能的最重要的变量PTM。Hp β-链修饰寡糖的研究已成为包括恶性肿瘤在内的病理过程研究的主要方向。这些特征表明Hp可能以多种变形形式存在，可能具有不同的功能。这篇综述致力于描述Hp的结构和功能多样性，以及它作为各种病理生物标志物的潜在用途。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-

CiteScore

1.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry covers all major aspects of biomedical chemistry and related areas, including proteomics and molecular biology of (patho)physiological processes, biochemistry, neurochemistry, immunochemistry and clinical chemistry, bioinformatics, gene therapy, drug design and delivery, biochemical pharmacology, introduction and advertisement of new (biochemical) methods into experimental and clinical medicine. The journal also publishes review articles. All issues of the journal usually contain solicited reviews.