Snow spikes (penitentes) in the dry Andes, but not on Europa: a defense of Lliboutry's classic paper

IF 2.5 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL
S. Warren
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Abstract

Abstract Tall, spiky snow structures (penitentes) occur high in subtropical mountains, in the form of blades oriented east-west and tilted toward the noontime sun. By trapping sunlight, they cause a reduction of albedo by ~0.3 relative to flat snow. The formation of penitentes, explained by Lliboutry in 1954, requires weather conditions allowing the troughs to deepen rapidly by melting while the peaks remain dry and cold by sublimation, losing little mass, because of the 8.5-fold difference in latent heats. Lliboutry's explanation has been misrepresented in some recent publications. A concern has been raised that in the low latitudes of Jupiter's moon Europa, the ice surface may have developed penitentes, which would pose a hazard to a lander. They would require a different mechanism of formation, because Europa is too cold for melting to occur. If penitentes are present on Europa, they cannot be resolved by the coarse-resolution satellite images available now, but the high albedo of Europa (~0.7 at visible wavelengths) argues against the existence of such extreme roughness.
在干燥的安第斯山脉上有雪,但在木卫二上没有:为利布里的经典论文辩护
摘要高大、尖刺的雪结构(忏悔)出现在亚热带山脉的高处,呈东西向的叶片状,向正午的太阳倾斜。通过捕捉阳光,它们会使反照率相对于平雪降低约0.3。Lliboutry在1954年解释说,忏悔的形成需要天气条件,使波谷通过融化迅速加深,而波峰通过升华保持干燥和寒冷,由于潜热相差8.5倍,质量几乎没有损失。Lliboutry的解释在最近的一些出版物中被歪曲了。有人担心,在木星卫星木卫二的低纬度地区,冰面可能已经形成了凹陷,这将对着陆器构成危险。它们需要一种不同的形成机制,因为木卫二太冷了,无法融化。如果木卫二上存在忏悔者,它们就无法通过目前可用的粗略分辨率卫星图像来分辨,但木卫二的高反照率(在可见波长下约为0.7)证明了这种极端粗糙度的存在。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Annals of Glaciology
Annals of Glaciology GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL-GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Annals of Glaciology publishes original scientific articles and letters in selected aspects of glaciology-the study of ice. Each issue of the Annals is thematic, focussing on a specific subject. The Council of the International Glaciological Society welcomes proposals for thematic issues from the glaciological community. Once a theme is approved, the Council appoints an Associate Chief Editor and a team of Scientific Editors to handle the submission, peer review and publication of papers.
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