Using of emollients in children with atopic dermatitis (literature review)

Abstract

Modern external pharmacotherapy of atopic dermatitis in children should be etiopathogenetic and effects on the mechanisms of formation of allergic inflammation. External therapy of atopic dermatitis in children consists in the local application of emollients, glucocorticosteroids, antileukotriene, antihistamine medications, topical calcineurin inhibitors, in the case of complicated forms - antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral medications along with skin care. Eliminating dryness of the skin is the most important part of the external therapy of atopic dermatitis. Emollients are the main agents of the basic external therapy of atopic dermatitis, which perform the role of restoring and protecting the stratum corneum of the epidermis, maintaining hydro-lipid balance and preventing transepidermal water loss, reduce dryness, itching and peeling, have a glucocorticoid-saving effect, are used to achieve and maintain control over the symptoms of the disease. Emollients contain lipids and work through occlusion, trapping natural moisture in the skin, and/or through the properties of a humectant component that draws water from the dermis into the epidermis. Emollients are combined with local and systemic therapy of atopic dermatitis of any degree of severity, it should be used independently in the period of remission, increasing the duration of remission and preventing relapses. Purpose - to increase the awareness of doctors and patients about the current features of the use of emollients in atopic dermatitis in children. The use of emollients together with hydration and cleaning of the skin contributes to the restoration and preservation of a skin barrier function, reduces susceptibility to irritants and allergens. Emollients soften, smooth and rehydrate the skin, which helps to reduce unpleasant sensations, dryness, itching, inflammation at atopic dermatitis in children. A wide range of dosage forms of emollients, including cleansing agents for washing (gels, foams/mousses, soaps, solutions), as well as non-rinsable agents (lotions, creams, ointments, oils, emulsions), makes this group of medications available for a large number of patients with various clinical situations. Emollients can be used independently, as well as as adjuvant therapy with other topical or systemic agents at atopic dermatitis in children. The effective use of emollients improves the condition of the skin and has a positive effect on the quality of life. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.