Pobreza, desigualdad y perfil sociodemográficovde los hogares rurales y agropecuarios en la región sur de México

Abstract

The analysis of economic and socio–demographic conditions of rural and farming households is becoming increasingly important in studies of poverty and inequality. Using data from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (Encuesta Nacional de Ingreso y Gasto de los Hogares, ENIGH) of 2018 (INEGI, 2018), this study seeks to identify the factors that impact farming (FH) and non–farming (NFH) households in rural contexts of the southern region of Mexico as well as on a national level. Results show persistently high levels of poverty and social deprivation, actual wage income losses, and precarious working conditions. FH in the southern region of the country, comprising adult heads of households with low education levels and indigenous language speakers, who live in extended family units and with high levels of dependency, appear to suffer most from these conditions. Despite income from agricultural activities, FH need to diversify their sources of household income, resorting to multiactivity, social support and remittances as survival strategies.