NDVI forest cover changes at high altitudes of the Sulaymaniyah Governorate of Kurdistan Region, northern Iraq, 1984−2021

IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY
Rawaz Rostam Hamadamin, Luqman Waso Omer
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to demonstrate the extent of forest cover at high altitudes in Sulaymaniyah Governorate (Province) in the Kurdistan Region in northern Iraq, from 1984 to 2021 and discuss and explain the changes. The forest data were collected from the satellite digital images of the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) from 1984 to 2008 and Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) from 2014 to 2021. Data preprocessing preparation included employing a radiometric calibration to convert the images from radiance to Top Atmospheric Reflectance (TOA) in order to remove the cosine effect of different solar zenith angles. Next, a quick atmospheric correction (QUAC) was applied to remove atmospheric noise, particles, molecules and vapor from the data; then the basic equation of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was applied to extract the forest data for 98 samples taken from across the study area. The study shows that forest cover more than doubled during the survey period: in 1984, 9.1% of the study area was covered by forest, but by 2021 forest cover had increased to 18.4%. We discuss how this increase in forest cover is related to better forest management and preservation by the government and by improving the population’s environmental awareness.
1984 - 2021年伊拉克北部库尔德斯坦苏莱曼尼亚省高海拔地区NDVI森林覆盖变化
摘要本研究旨在展示1984年至2021年伊拉克北部库尔德斯坦地区苏莱曼尼亚省高海拔地区的森林覆盖程度,并讨论和解释其变化。森林数据是从1984年至2008年的陆地卫星专题测绘仪(TM)和2014年至2021年的陆地遥感卫星陆地成像仪(OLI)的卫星数字图像中收集的。数据预处理准备包括使用辐射校准将图像从辐射转换为顶部大气反射率(TOA),以消除不同太阳天顶角的余弦效应。接下来,应用快速大气校正(QUAC)从数据中去除大气噪声、粒子、分子和蒸汽;然后应用归一化植被指数(NDVI)的基本方程提取了研究区98个样本的森林数据。研究表明,在调查期间,森林覆盖率增加了一倍多:1984年,9.1%的研究区域被森林覆盖,但到2021年,森林覆盖度已增至18.4%。我们讨论了森林覆盖率的增加与政府更好地管理和保护森林以及提高民众的环境意识之间的关系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Geography
Geography GEOGRAPHY-
CiteScore
1.70
自引率
21.40%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: An international journal, Geography meets the interests of lecturers, teachers and students in post-16 geography.
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