Richard J. Brown, W. Hernández, D. Escobar, E. Gutiérrez, J. Crummy, R. Cole, Pierre-Yves Tournigand
{"title":"Reconstruction of the 29th December 2013 eruption of San Miguel volcano, El Salvador, using video, photographs, and pyroclastic deposits","authors":"Richard J. Brown, W. Hernández, D. Escobar, E. Gutiérrez, J. Crummy, R. Cole, Pierre-Yves Tournigand","doi":"10.30909/vol.05.02.271293","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"San Miguel (or Chaparrastique) volcano, El Salvador, erupted on the 29th December 2013, after almost 40 years of quiescence. Initial vent-clearing explosions ejected ballistic blocks and produced a pyroclastic density current (PDC) that flowed down the upper flanks. Plume rise speeds peaked at 50–70 m s-1 and declined over time. The main phase of the VEI 2 eruption produced a Subplinian plume that dispersed 106 m3 ash >20 000 km2 across El Salvador in to Honduras. Plume structure was complex due to strong wind shear and to contributions from co-PDC ash. Tephra fall deposits dispersed westwards include a basal white ash layer of ash-coated clasts and ash aggregates, a grey fine ash co-PDC layer, and a layer of coarse ash to fine lapilli-grade scoria. The eruption provides a useful case study to understand the range of volcanic activity at the volcano and to refine hazard maps.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Volcanica","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.05.02.271293","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
San Miguel (or Chaparrastique) volcano, El Salvador, erupted on the 29th December 2013, after almost 40 years of quiescence. Initial vent-clearing explosions ejected ballistic blocks and produced a pyroclastic density current (PDC) that flowed down the upper flanks. Plume rise speeds peaked at 50–70 m s-1 and declined over time. The main phase of the VEI 2 eruption produced a Subplinian plume that dispersed 106 m3 ash >20 000 km2 across El Salvador in to Honduras. Plume structure was complex due to strong wind shear and to contributions from co-PDC ash. Tephra fall deposits dispersed westwards include a basal white ash layer of ash-coated clasts and ash aggregates, a grey fine ash co-PDC layer, and a layer of coarse ash to fine lapilli-grade scoria. The eruption provides a useful case study to understand the range of volcanic activity at the volcano and to refine hazard maps.
萨尔瓦多圣米格尔火山在沉寂了近40年后,于2013年12月29日爆发。最初的排气口清理爆炸喷出弹道块,并产生沿上翼向下流动的火山碎屑密度流(PDC)。羽流上升速度在50–70 m s-1达到峰值,并随着时间的推移而下降。VEI 2火山喷发的主要阶段产生了一股次级火山羽流,将106立方米>20000平方公里的火山灰分散到萨尔瓦多和洪都拉斯。由于强烈的风切变和共PDC灰的贡献,羽流结构很复杂。向西分散的Tephra瀑布沉积物包括一层由灰覆盖的碎屑和灰聚集体组成的基底白色灰层、一层灰色细灰co-PDC层和一层粗灰至细火山灰级焦渣。此次火山喷发提供了一个有用的案例研究,以了解火山活动的范围并完善危险地图。