Exploring the potential of phytochemicals and nanomaterial: A boon to antimicrobial treatment

Abstract

Controlling microorganism outbreaks is a critical challenge in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. In addition, an increase in drug-resistant bacterial strains came from cross-contamination and medication overuse, making the problem much more difficult to control. One of the most humongous obstacles to the efficient treatment of a wide range of common infections is antimicrobial resistance (AML-R). Currently, antibiotics are being used hugely to treat such infectious conditions. However, because of their synthetic nature, the development of resistance to them when used over a long period of time or in low doses prompts us to seek alternative treatments. Phytoactives or bioactives from plant sources are the natural solutions to these conditions, as Mother Nature has already provided the answer to every ailment that mankind has faced. The most effective therapies for AML-R have been derived from natural Phytoactives. Because of the abundance of biologically active molecules found in nature, it is by far the best alternative to treat any infections. However, the bioavailability, pharmacokinetic characteristics, low solubility, poor gastrointestinal absorption, low hydrophilicity, and delayed intrinsic dissolution are the major physicochemical barriers that hinder the utilization of these natural actives as AML treatments. These problems can be overcome through the application of novel drug-delivery technologies. This review provides a comprehensive study of AML Phytoactives-based drug delivery, leveraging the potential of nanotechnology to address and overcome the delivery problems associated with them, resulting in a successful approach toward antimicrobial therapy.