From Ethnic Hatred to Religious Solidarity: The Rise and Fall of Russophobia in Greece, 1830–1924

IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Denis Vovchenko
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Abstract

After being dominant in the first two-thirds of the nineteenth century, the expectation of fellow Orthodox Russian saviours was then muted by the fears of Russian expansion but was never completely erased from the public discourse and popular memory. If ethnonationalism gradually sidelined religious identification among the educated, geopolitical changes brought it back to the fore. Subject to such contingencies, this kind of reversal does not support the accepted notion of the unstoppable disintegration of pre-modern religious communities into national ones. After the Crimean War, the obsession with the Panslav threat increasingly prevailed in educated society and influenced Greek policymakers who often sought to ally their kingdom with England and even the Ottoman Empire. The Russians and their Bulgarian agents came to be seen as implacable barbarian aggressors. But just before and during the First World War, the Ottoman Turks became the main national enemy again, as in the early 1800s. The Russian revolutions of 1917 also helped Greek elites discover another common foe – radical socialism. As a result, Greek-Russian ethnic tensions diminished – while World War I certainly created new ethnic hatreds it also healed some old ones. From 1918 at least until the abolition of Greek monarchy in 1924 significant numbers of Russian émigrés did not suffer from Russophobia. As such, this article contributes to the study of national indifference and of the effects of the Great War in Eastern Europe. The article is based on Greek and Russian archival sources as well as on the unique pamphlet collection of the Gennadios Library in Athens.
从种族仇恨到宗教团结:1830-1924年希腊恐俄症的兴衰
在19世纪前三分之二的时间里,东正教占据统治地位,人们对俄罗斯东正教救世主的期望被对俄罗斯扩张的恐惧所压制,但从未从公众话语和大众记忆中完全抹去。如果说民族主义在受过教育的人群中逐渐排挤了宗教认同,那么地缘政治的变化将其重新拉回了前台。在这种偶然事件的影响下,这种逆转并不支持前现代宗教团体不可阻挡地分裂为国家团体的公认观念。克里米亚战争后,对潘斯拉夫威胁的痴迷在受过教育的社会中日益盛行,并影响了希腊的政策制定者,他们经常寻求与英国甚至奥斯曼帝国结盟。俄国人和他们的保加利亚代理人被视为不可调和的野蛮侵略者。但就在第一次世界大战之前和期间,奥斯曼土耳其人再次成为主要的国家敌人,就像19世纪初一样。1917年的俄国革命还帮助希腊精英们发现了另一个共同的敌人——激进社会主义。结果,希腊和俄罗斯之间的种族紧张关系缓和了——虽然第一次世界大战确实造成了新的种族仇恨,但也治愈了一些旧的仇恨。从1918年开始,至少到1924年希腊君主制被废除之前,相当数量的俄罗斯人并没有患俄罗斯恐惧症。因此,这篇文章有助于研究民族冷漠和第一次世界大战对东欧的影响。这篇文章是基于希腊和俄罗斯的档案来源,以及在雅典Gennadios图书馆独特的小册子收集。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
37
期刊介绍: European History Quarterly has earned an international reputation as an essential resource on European history, publishing articles by eminent historians on a range of subjects from the later Middle Ages to post-1945. European History Quarterly also features review articles by leading authorities, offering a comprehensive survey of recent literature in a particular field, as well as an extensive book review section, enabling you to keep up to date with what"s being published in your field. The journal also features historiographical essays.
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