IGF-1-PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Myostatin-SMAD3 Pathways Signaling for Muscle Hypertophy

Abstract

The control of muscle mass depends mainly on the action of two signaling pathways: IGF-1 axis and Myostatin. While one (IGF-1) signals increases in protein synthesis, the other (myostatin) acts by inhibiting muscle growth. The interaction of these signaling pathways with other mechanisms determines muscle mass. Furthermore, an important player in the process are the satellite cells in a dependente or non-dependent way to hypertrophy process.