Archaeological site types, and assemblage size and diversity in Aotearoa New Zealand

IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY
Rebecca Phillipps, Simon Holdaway, Matthew Barrett, Joshua Emmitt
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Abstract

Archaeological settlement models involve the identification of functional site types like base camps and extraction sites based, in part, on differences in the range and frequency of artefact types and fauna. Using reports describing such assemblages from Aotearoa (New Zealand) archaeological sites dating to the first 300 years after initial colonisation, differences in assemblage composition are assessed against total assemblage size. Aotearoa provides a particularly useful test case for the archaeological identification of site types since human colonisation was relatively late in world human history meaning that assemblage accumulation should show functional site types like those identified in the ethnographic record. To test this, SHE (Richness, Heterogeneity, Evenness) diversity analysis is used to examine 18 artefact and ten faunal assemblages dated pre-1500 CE from a variety of Aotearoa locations. Results suggest artefact and faunal diversity measures perform poorly when employed to differentiate functional site types, suggesting that the null hypothesis of assemblage size dependency cannot be rejected. This result allows for comment on the appropriateness of ethnographically derived functional site types for the study of the archaeological record even when this record accumulated over short time periods.

Abstract Image

新西兰奥特罗阿的考古遗址类型、组合规模和多样性
考古定居模式涉及识别功能遗址类型,如基地营地和提取地点,部分基于人工制品类型和动物的范围和频率的差异。利用来自新西兰奥特罗阿(Aotearoa)考古遗址的报告,这些报告可以追溯到最初殖民化后的前300年,根据总组合大小评估了组合组成的差异。Aotearoa为遗址类型的考古鉴定提供了一个特别有用的测试案例,因为人类殖民在世界人类历史上相对较晚,这意味着组合积累应该显示出像人种志记录中确定的那样的功能性遗址类型。为了验证这一点,我们使用了丰富度、异质性、均匀性(SHE)多样性分析来检查18个人工制品和10个动物组合,这些组合的年代都在公元1500年以前。结果表明,人工和动物多样性测量在区分功能站点类型时表现不佳,这表明组合大小依赖的零假设不能被拒绝。这一结果允许对民族志衍生的功能性遗址类型的适当性进行评论,以研究考古记录,即使这些记录是在短时间内积累的。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: Archaeology in Oceania is published online and in print versions three times a year: April, July, October. It accepts articles and research reports in prehistoric and historical archaeology, modern material culture and human biology of ancient and modern human populations. Its primary geographic focus is Australia, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and lands of the western Pacific rim. All articles and research reports accepted as being within the remit of the journal and of appropriate standard will be reviewed by two scholars; authors will be informed of these comments though not necessarily of the reviewer’s names.
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