Ag doping enhancement of photoelectrochemical performance of ZnO nanoparticles

Abstract

In this paper, we report on co-precipitation and spin coating process to prepare pure and silver (Ag)-doped nanostructured zinc oxide thin layers, with different Ag concentrations up to 2 at.%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to study the crystalline properties of prepared samples. XRD investigation as exhibiting a wurtzite-type hexagonal phase, and a decrease in crystallite size with increasing Ag doping level. On optical analysis, both transmission and photoluminescence measurements highlight a pronounced impact attributed to the introduction of Ag doping. The optical findings underscore a notable shift in the optical band gap, as evidenced by UV–Visible measurements, indicating a transition from 3.27 eV prior to doping to 3.22 eV following the incorporation of 2 at.% Ag within the ZnO matrix. Additionally, a comprehensive exploration of photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing characteristics was conducted. It is worth noting that among the assorted photo-anodes encompassing diverse Ag-dopant concentrations, the ZnO film infused with 0.5 at.% Ag showcased remarkable attributes, displaying heightened responsiveness and the utmost level of photoconduction sensitivity.