Is the protection of habitat directive Eleocharis carniolica in its northern limits really needed? – A life strategy based investigation

IF 1.9 4区 生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
Maciej Niemczyk , Anna Rucińska , Jerzy Puchalski , Adam Kapler , Arkadiusz Nowak , Małgorzata Jaźwa
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Abstract

Eleocharis carniolica is included in the EU Habitat Directive and legally protected in many European countries. It is also considered as one of the most threatened plants in Poland. It typically occurs in muddy habitats, wet meadows, lake or pond shores or temporary puddles, but in Poland this species usually occurs at disturbed anthropogenic sites such as road verges or drainage ditches. Despite being the focus of a number of ecological and conservation studies, E. carniolica still does not have a fully recognized ecology and life-strategy, particularly with regard to breaking seed dormancy and germination. To find out the population performance and species propagation potential in Poland, we have conducted experiments aimed at assessing the seed germination conditions and efficiency. The main goal was to discover the crucial factors that stimulate germination. The results of the experiments suggest that light is a pivotal factor for triggering germination of E. carniolica seeds. Moreover, E. carniolica’s seed bank consisted of about 80 % dormant seeds. The only effective method for dormancy breaking was warm stratification (placing the seeds at high temperature on a moist substrate) with application of gibberellic acid (GA3), and even a few days of warm stratification resulted in effectively overcoming dormancy. Eleocharis carniolica's germination features are typical for plants adapted to frequent disturbances with a short life expectancy and large reproductive effort. Our results strongly suggest that E. carniolica has a ruderal life strategy at its northern distribution limits and probably can be considered as an alien species in Poland.

是否真的需要在其北部边界保护食肉Eleocharis的栖息地指令?-基于调查的生活策略
肉鸡被列入欧盟生境指令,在许多欧洲国家受到法律保护。它也被认为是波兰最受威胁的植物之一。它通常发生在泥泞的栖息地,潮湿的草地,湖泊或池塘岸边或临时水坑,但在波兰,这种物种通常发生在受干扰的人为场所,如道路边缘或排水沟。尽管是许多生态学和保护研究的焦点,但肉毒杆菌仍然没有一个完全公认的生态学和生命策略,特别是在打破种子休眠和发芽方面。为了了解波兰的种群表现和物种繁殖潜力,我们进行了旨在评估种子萌发条件和效率的实验。主要目标是发现刺激发芽的关键因素。实验结果表明,光是触发肉毒莲种子萌发的关键因素。此外,肉苁蓉种子库的休眠种子约占80%。打破休眠的唯一有效方法是温分层(将种子放在潮湿的高温基质上),并施用赤霉素酸(GA3),即使几天的温分层也能有效地克服休眠。肉蒜的萌发特征是适应频繁干扰、寿命短、繁殖力大的植物的典型特征。我们的研究结果强烈表明,在其北部分布范围内,肉肉菌具有野蛮的生活策略,可能被认为是波兰的外来物种。
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来源期刊
Aquatic Botany
Aquatic Botany 生物-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
5.60%
发文量
70
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Aquatic Botany offers a platform for papers relevant to a broad international readership on fundamental and applied aspects of marine and freshwater macroscopic plants in a context of ecology or environmental biology. This includes molecular, biochemical and physiological aspects of macroscopic aquatic plants as well as the classification, structure, function, dynamics and ecological interactions in plant-dominated aquatic communities and ecosystems. It is an outlet for papers dealing with research on the consequences of disturbance and stressors (e.g. environmental fluctuations and climate change, pollution, grazing and pathogens), use and management of aquatic plants (plant production and decomposition, commercial harvest, plant control) and the conservation of aquatic plant communities (breeding, transplantation and restoration). Specialized publications on certain rare taxa or papers on aquatic macroscopic plants from under-represented regions in the world can also find their place, subject to editor evaluation. Studies on fungi or microalgae will remain outside the scope of Aquatic Botany.
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