{"title":"Exploring the multifaceted potential of chlorogenic acid: Journey from nutraceutical to nanomedicine","authors":"Sachin Kumar Singh , Kiran Thakur , Vishal Sharma , Mamta Saini , Diksha Sharma , Sukriti Vishwas , Violina Kakoty , Rashmi Saxena Pal , M.V.N.L. Chaitanya , M.Ravindra Babu , Saurabh Gupta , Zia ur Rehman , Smriti , Madhav Singla , Gaurav Gupta , Vikash Jakhmola , Terezinha de Jesus Andreoli Pinto , Popat Kumbhar , John Disouza , Vandana Patravale , Manoj M. Gadewar","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2023.06.038","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic acid from the family of hydroxycinnamic acid, often found in green coffee extract and tea. CGA is chemically called as 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) which is a more prevalent isomer of CGA. The role of CGA as an anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective and neuroprotective agent has been explored by several researchers. In addition, it has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-viral and anti-hypertensive activities. CGA has been found to be antimicrobial against a broad variety of species, including bacteria, yeasts, moulds, viruses, and amoebas. These antimicrobial capabilities might be beneficial to the food industry's ongoing hunt for novel and natural compounds for food preservation. Additionally, CGA could also alter the glucose and lipid metabolism in both genetically susceptible and healthy metabolic diseases. Because of these characteristics, chlorogenic acid is an attractive choice for the creation of dietary supplements and functional foods. This comprehensive review mainly aims to explore various sources of CGA along with its medicinal values, chemical synthesis and various derivatives obtained from CGA. The mechanism of action, therapeutic applications, regulatory concerns related to CGA are also discussed in detail. Search engine resources such as Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Google Patent, Web of Science, and bibliographic databases of previously published peer-reviewed review papers and research works were used to gather information regarding CGA. The gathered data sets were organised sequentially in order to have a better grasp of CGA's potential. The challenges of poor solubility and poor bioavailability and development of novel drug delivery systems to overcome them has also been discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"159 ","pages":"Pages 658-677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"South African Journal of Botany","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254629923003587","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic acid from the family of hydroxycinnamic acid, often found in green coffee extract and tea. CGA is chemically called as 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) which is a more prevalent isomer of CGA. The role of CGA as an anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective and neuroprotective agent has been explored by several researchers. In addition, it has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-viral and anti-hypertensive activities. CGA has been found to be antimicrobial against a broad variety of species, including bacteria, yeasts, moulds, viruses, and amoebas. These antimicrobial capabilities might be beneficial to the food industry's ongoing hunt for novel and natural compounds for food preservation. Additionally, CGA could also alter the glucose and lipid metabolism in both genetically susceptible and healthy metabolic diseases. Because of these characteristics, chlorogenic acid is an attractive choice for the creation of dietary supplements and functional foods. This comprehensive review mainly aims to explore various sources of CGA along with its medicinal values, chemical synthesis and various derivatives obtained from CGA. The mechanism of action, therapeutic applications, regulatory concerns related to CGA are also discussed in detail. Search engine resources such as Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Google Patent, Web of Science, and bibliographic databases of previously published peer-reviewed review papers and research works were used to gather information regarding CGA. The gathered data sets were organised sequentially in order to have a better grasp of CGA's potential. The challenges of poor solubility and poor bioavailability and development of novel drug delivery systems to overcome them has also been discussed.
绿原酸(CGA)是一种天然存在的多酚酸，属于羟基肉桂酸家族，通常存在于绿咖啡提取物和茶中。CGA在化学上被称为5- o -咖啡酰奎宁酸(5-CQA)，这是CGA更普遍的异构体。CGA作为抗氧化剂、肝保护剂、心脏保护剂和神经保护剂的作用已被一些研究者探讨。此外，它还具有抗炎、抗微生物、抗病毒和抗高血压的作用。CGA已被发现对多种物种具有抗菌作用，包括细菌、酵母、霉菌、病毒和变形虫。这些抗菌能力可能有利于食品工业不断寻找新的和天然的化合物来保存食品。此外，CGA还可以改变遗传易感和健康代谢性疾病的糖脂代谢。由于这些特性，绿原酸是创造膳食补充剂和功能性食品的一个有吸引力的选择。本文主要综述了CGA的各种来源及其药用价值、化学合成方法和从CGA获得的各种衍生物。还详细讨论了与CGA有关的作用机制、治疗应用和监管问题。使用Google、Google Scholar、PubMed、Google Patent、Web of Science等搜索引擎资源，以及先前发表的同行评议的评论论文和研究作品的书目数据库来收集有关CGA的信息。收集的数据集按顺序组织，以便更好地掌握CGA的潜力。还讨论了溶解度差和生物利用度差的挑战以及开发新的药物传递系统来克服它们。
期刊介绍：
The South African Journal of Botany publishes original papers that deal with the classification, biodiversity, morphology, physiology, molecular biology, ecology, biotechnology, ethnobotany and other botanically related aspects of species that are of importance to southern Africa. Manuscripts dealing with significant new findings on other species of the world and general botanical principles will also be considered and are encouraged.
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