Long Middle Ages and Shamanism in Colonial Spanish America: The Case of the Toad kururu in the Jesuit Guaraní Missions

IF 0.3 Q2 HISTORY

Journal of Jesuit Studies Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI:10.1163/22141332-10020002

Thomas Brignon

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Throughout colonial Spanish America, the missionaries recreated a moralized bestiary drawn from medieval referents and applied to the fauna of the New World. This was the case of the cane toad, kururu (Rhinella diptycha), which was assimilated with the European common toad (Bufo bufo) in the Jesuit missions of Paraguay. In this context, it was used to speed up Lent confessions, embody the Christian concept of lust, and counteract the influence of shamans. This exemplary use of the toad was applied throughout the continent and triggered a paradoxical revival of shamanism, as demonstrated by sources in Guaraní, Nahuatl, and Quechua studied in a long-term perspective.

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漫长的中世纪和殖民西班牙美洲的萨满教:耶稣会教士教士的案例Guaraní

在整个殖民地的西班牙美洲，传教士们从中世纪的参考文献中重新创造了一本道德化的野兽集，并将其应用于新世界的动物群。这就是甘蔗蟾蜍kururu（Rhinella diptycha）的情况，它在巴拉圭的耶稣会传教中与欧洲常见蟾蜍（Bufo Bufo）同化。在这种背景下，它被用来加速四旬斋的忏悔，体现基督教的欲望概念，并抵消萨满的影响。蟾蜍的这种典型使用在整个大陆都得到了应用，并引发了萨满教的矛盾复兴，瓜拉尼、纳瓦特尔和克丘亚的资料来源从长期角度进行了研究，证明了这一点。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Jesuit Studies HISTORY-

CiteScore

0.70

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0.00%

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期刊介绍： This is a full Open Access journal. All articles are available for free from the moment of publication and authors do not pay an article publication charge. The Journal of Jesuit Studies (JJS) is a peer-reviewed quarterly journal dedicated to the study of Jesuit history from the sixteenth to the twenty-first century. It welcomes articles on all aspects of the Jesuit past and present including, but not limited to, the Jesuit role in the arts and sciences, theology, philosophy, mission, literature, and interreligious/inter-cultural encounters. In its themed issues the JJS highlights studies with a given topical, chronological or geographical focus. In addition there are two open-topic issues per year. The journal publishes a significant number of book reviews as well. One of the key tasks of the JJS is to relate episodes in Jesuit history, particularly those which have suffered from scholarly neglect, to broader trends in global history over the past five centuries. The journal also aims to bring the highest quality non-Anglophone scholarship to an English-speaking audience by means of translated original articles.