Epidemiological, Clinical, Therapeutic and Prognostic Features of Ocular Trauma in Kara

Abstract

Background: What is the impact of the exponential increase in the car fleet in cities? Aim: To describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic features of ocular trauma in Kara. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study from January 1 st , 2017, to December 31 st , 2020, a period of 4 years. Mechanical traumas were classified according to the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT), and prognosis was assessed according to the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS). Results: During the study period, 418 cases of ocular trauma were recorded, out of a total of 14652 consultations, corresponding to a frequency of 2.8%. The mean age was 28.5 ± 15.6 [1.92] years with a sex ratio of 2.22 (288M/130 F). In 5.5% of cases, patients consulted within 6 hours of trauma, and in 66.7% of cases, the delay of consultation time was more than 72 hours. The injury was bilateral in 11.5% of cases. Mechanical trauma accounted for 379 cases (90.7%), chemical burns 20 cases (4.8%) and thermal burns 19 cases (4.5%). Of the 379 cases of mechanical trauma, 342 cases (90.2%) were closed globe trauma, and 37 cases (9.8%) were open globe trauma. The circumstances of injury were domestic accidents with 115 cases (27.5%) followed by road accidents with 115 cases (25.1%), work accidents and brawls in equal proportion with 65 cases (15.6%), According to the OTS score, 345 cases (82.5%) had a score of 5, there were 35 cases (8.4%) with a score of 4, the score of 3 were found in 3 patients(6.2%) and the score of 2 and 1 were found in 6 patients each (1.4%). Treatment was surgical in 8.9% of cases and medical in 91.1% of cases. Conclusion: Ocular trauma is relatively common, better awareness will reduce consultation delays and improve prognosis. The best treatment remains prevention.