Mate attraction, chemical defense, and competition avoidance in the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina pacifica

IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Lea C. Böttinger, Frederic Hüftlein, Johannes Stökl
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

A major hypothesis for the evolution of chemical signals is that pheromones arise from non-communicative precursor compounds. However, data supporting this hypothesis are rare, primarily because the original functions of the antecedent compounds often have been lost. A notable exception, however, is the parasitoid wasp species Leptopilina heterotoma, whose compound (?)-iridomyrmecin is used as a defensive secretion, a cue for females to avoid competition with con- and hetero-specific females, and as the primary component of the females’ sex pheromone. To better understand the evolution of sex pheromones from defensive compounds, we examined the chemical ecology of L. pacifica, the sister species of L. heterotoma. Here, we show that L. pacifica also produces a defensive secretion containing a species-specific mixture of mostly iridoid compounds. However, the composition of the secretion is more complex than in L. heterotoma, and iridomyrmecin is only a minor component. Moreover, in contrast to L. heterotoma, conspecific female competitors were not avoided by female subjects, and a role of the iridoids in the female sex pheromone of L. pacifica can be excluded, as only the females’ cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) resulted in the elicitation of courtship by males. Although closely related, the two sister species show substantial differences in the use of the defensive secretion for communicative purposes. Variation in pheromone usage in this genus still presents a conundrum, highlighting the need for additional studies to understand the selective forces shaping the evolution of pheromone composition.

Abstract Image

拟寄生蜂太平洋细尾蜂的配偶吸引、化学防御和竞争回避
化学信号进化的一个主要假设是信息素是由非交流前体化合物产生的。然而,支持这一假设的数据很少,主要是因为先行化合物的原始功能通常已经丢失。然而,一个明显的例外是异瘤Leptopilina heterotoma,其化合物(?)-iridomyrmecin是一种防御性分泌物,是雌性避免与异性特异性和异性特异性雌性竞争的提示,也是雌性性信息素的主要成分。为了更好地了解防御性化合物性信息素的进化,我们研究了L. pacifica的化学生态学,L. pacifica是L. heterotoma的姐妹种。在这里,我们发现L. pacifica也产生一种防御性分泌物,其中含有一种主要由环烯醚萜化合物组成的物种特异性混合物。然而,其分泌物的组成比L.异瘤更为复杂,虹膜红霉素只是一个次要成分。此外,与异瘤l相比,雌性被试没有回避同种雌性竞争者,可以排除环烯醚萜类化合物在雌性性信息素中的作用,因为只有雌性的表皮碳氢化合物(CHCs)才能引起雄性的求爱。虽然亲缘关系密切,但这两个姊妹物种在利用防御性分泌物进行交流方面表现出实质性的差异。在这个属的信息素使用的变化仍然提出了一个难题,强调需要进一步的研究,以了解选择力量塑造信息素组成的进化。
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来源期刊
Chemoecology
Chemoecology 环境科学-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
11
审稿时长
>36 weeks
期刊介绍: It is the aim of Chemoecology to promote and stimulate basic science in the field of chemical ecology by publishing research papers that integrate evolution and/or ecology and chemistry in an attempt to increase our understanding of the biological significance of natural products. Its scopes cover the evolutionary biology, mechanisms and chemistry of biotic interactions and the evolution and synthesis of the underlying natural products. Manuscripts on the evolution and ecology of trophic relationships, intra- and interspecific communication, competition, and other kinds of chemical communication in all types of organismic interactions will be considered suitable for publication. Ecological studies of trophic interactions will be considered also if they are based on the information of the transmission of natural products (e.g. fatty acids) through the food-chain. Chemoecology further publishes papers that relate to the evolution and ecology of interactions mediated by non-volatile compounds (e.g. adhesive secretions). Mechanistic approaches may include the identification, biosynthesis and metabolism of substances that carry information and the elucidation of receptor- and transduction systems using physiological, biochemical and molecular techniques. Papers describing the structure and functional morphology of organs involved in chemical communication will also be considered.
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