Biomolecules of the Horseshoe Crab’s Hemolymph: Components of an Ancient Defensive Mechanism and Its Impact on the Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Industry

IF 2.6 2区 生物学 Q3 CELL BIOLOGY
M. Ashrafuzzaman, M. H. Razu, N. Showva, T. A. Bondhon, M. Moniruzzaman, Sad Al Rezwan Rahman, Md. Raisul Islam Rabby, F. Akter, Mala Khan
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Without adaptive immunity, invertebrates have evolved innate immune systems that react to antigens on the surfaces of pathogens. These defense mechanisms are included in horseshoe crab hemocytes’ cellular responses to pathogens. Secretory granules, large (L) and small (S), are found on hemocytes. Once the invasion of pathogens is present, these granules release their contents through exocytosis. Recent data in biochemistry and immunology on the granular constituents of granule-specific proteins are stored in large and small granules which are involved in the cell-mediated immune response. L-granules contain most clotting proteins, which are necessary for hemolymph coagulation. They also include tachylectins; protease inhibitors, such as cystatin and serpins; and anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) factors, which bind to LPS and agglutinate bacteria. Big defensin, tachycitin, tachystatin, and tachyplesins are some of the essential cysteine-rich proteins in S-granules. These granules also contain tachycitin and tachystatins, which can agglutinate bacteria. These proteins in granules and hemolymph act synergistically to fight infections. These biomolecules are antimicrobial and antibacterial, enabling them to be drug resistant. This review is aimed at explaining the biomolecules identified in the horseshoe crab’s hemolymph and their application scopes in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors.
马蹄蟹血淋巴的生物分子:一种古老防御机制的组成部分及其对制药和生物医学工业的影响
在没有适应性免疫的情况下,无脊椎动物进化出了对病原体表面抗原做出反应的先天免疫系统。这些防御机制包含在鲎血细胞对病原体的细胞反应中。血细胞上有分泌颗粒,大(L)和小(S)。一旦病原体入侵,这些颗粒就会通过胞吐作用释放其内含物。生物化学和免疫学中关于颗粒特异性蛋白质颗粒成分的最新数据存储在参与细胞介导的免疫反应的大颗粒和小颗粒中。L-颗粒含有大多数凝血蛋白,这些蛋白是血淋巴凝固所必需的。它们还包括快速凝集素;蛋白酶抑制剂,如胱抑素和丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂;以及与LPS结合并凝集细菌的抗脂多糖(LPS)因子。大防御素、速激肽、速抑制素和速激肽是S颗粒中一些必需的富含半胱氨酸的蛋白质。这些颗粒还含有速激肽和速激他汀类药物,它们可以凝集细菌。颗粒和血淋巴中的这些蛋白质协同作用对抗感染。这些生物分子具有抗菌性和抗菌性,使它们具有耐药性。本文旨在解释鲎血淋巴中鉴定的生物分子及其在制药和生物技术领域的应用范围。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Cellular Microbiology
Cellular Microbiology 生物-微生物学
CiteScore
9.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
26
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Cellular Microbiology aims to publish outstanding contributions to the understanding of interactions between microbes, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and their host in the context of pathogenic or mutualistic relationships, including co-infections and microbiota. We welcome studies on single cells, animals and plants, and encourage the use of model hosts and organoid cultures. Submission on cell and molecular biological aspects of microbes, such as their intracellular organization or the establishment and maintenance of their architecture in relation to virulence and pathogenicity are also encouraged. Contributions must provide mechanistic insights supported by quantitative data obtained through imaging, cellular, biochemical, structural or genetic approaches.
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