Scientists for Sakharov, Orlov and Shcharansky

IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY
C. Alston
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This article explores the challenge presented to governments and the scientific establishment by physicists who campaigned internationally on behalf of their Soviet scientific colleagues in the early 1980s. Cold War science operated in a highly charged environment: while the work of scientists on both sides of the Cold War divide was sponsored and closely guarded by government and military agencies, scientists were also at the forefront of activist challenges to human rights infringements suffered by their colleagues. The article explores the motivations for and limitations of a moratorium on participation in scientific exchange with the Soviet Union launched by the California-based group “Scientists for Sakharov, Orlov and Shcharansky” (sos). It considers the ways that both professional identity and Cold War dynamics shaped this solidarity campaign. sos sought to build their activism on a transnational basis and worked closely with scientific colleagues in Europe to do so. They pitched a campaign that appealed beyond the university and national scientific laboratories to a broad range of people who identified as scientists. Unlike many contemporary scientific organizations, the sos leadership embraced the political nature of such activism. As a whole, this article shows how scientists navigated different political and scientific contexts when organizing support for their Soviet colleagues.
萨哈罗夫、奥尔洛夫和什查兰斯基的科学家
这篇文章探讨了20世纪80年代初代表苏联科学家在国际上开展活动的物理学家向政府和科学机构提出的挑战。冷战时期的科学工作是在一个高度紧张的环境中进行的:虽然冷战双方科学家的工作都得到政府和军事机构的资助和严密保护,但科学家们也站在积极分子挑战其同事所遭受的侵犯人权行为的最前沿。这篇文章探讨了总部设在加利福尼亚的“支持Sakharov、Orlov和Shcharansky的科学家”(sos)组织发起的暂停参与与苏联的科学交流的动机和局限性。它考虑了职业身份和冷战动态影响这场团结运动的方式。sos寻求在跨国基础上建立他们的行动主义,并与欧洲的科学同事密切合作。他们发起了一场运动,吸引了大学和国家科学实验室之外的广泛人群,他们认为自己是科学家。与许多当代科学组织不同,sos的领导层接受了这种行动主义的政治性质。作为一个整体,这篇文章展示了科学家们如何在不同的政治和科学背景下为他们的苏联同事组织支持。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
23
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