Efficacy of ADC Histogram Analysis for Differentiating Thymic Cancerfrom Thymoma

Abstract

Objective: An ADC histogram which was derived from the Region of Interest (ROI) set over the entire tumor may distinguish thymoma from thymic cancer and provide less bias and reproducibility. To evaluate the utility of ADC histogram analysis for differentiating thymic cancer from thymoma in comparison with conventional MRI findings. Materials and methods: The subjects consisted of 31 patients with 27 thymomas and 4 thymic cancers. Diffusionweighted imaging was performed with b values of 100 and 800 s/mm2. Data acquired from each slice were summed up to derive voxel-by-voxel ADC values for the entire tumor and an ADC histogram was generated. The mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th percentiles, mode, skewness, and kurtosis were derived from the ADC histogram. MRI findings were evaluated in terms of contour, capsulization, septum, hemorrhage, necrosis or cystic change, lymph node swelling, pleural effusion, major vascular invasion, and homogeneity. Results: Significant differences were observed in the minimum ADC, contour, and major vascular invasion between thymoma and thymic cancer (p=0.010, p=0.03, and p=0.009, respectively). The sensitivities and specificities when the minimum ADC was 70 × 10−6 mm2/s or lower, when the contour was lobular or irregular, and when the presence of vascular invasion was considered to be thymic cancer were 75% and 93%, 100% and 37%, and 25% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: Minimum ADC was useful for distinguishing thymic cancer from thymoma, and it had an additional value to the routine MRI sequence.