{"title":"A sustainable thermochemical conversion of animal biomass to N-heterocycles","authors":"Yang Tang, Xiao Xiao, Chaojun Zhang, Xiaoling Wang, Junling Guo, Xuepin Liao","doi":"10.1186/s42825-022-00109-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The production of high-valued organonitrogen chemicals, especially N-heterocycles, requires artificial N<sub>2</sub> fixation accompanied by the consumption of fossil resources. To avoid the use of these energy- and resource-intensive processes, we develop a sustainable strategy to convert nitrogen-rich animal biomass into N-heterocycles through a thermochemical conversion process (TCP) under atmospheric pressure. A high percentage of N-heterocycles (87.51%) were obtained after the TCP of bovine skin due to the abundance of nitrogen-containing amino acids (e.g., glycine, proline, and <span>l</span>-hydroxyproline). Animal biomass with more diverse amino acid composition (e.g., muscles) yielded higher concentrations of amines/amides and nitriles after TCP. In addition, by introducing catalysts (KOH for pyrrole and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> for cyclo-Gly–Pro) to TCP, the production quantities of pyrrole and cyclo-Gly–Pro increased to 30.79 mg g<sup>−1</sup> and 38.88 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. This approach can be used to convert the significant animal biomass waste generated annually from animal culls into valued organonitrogen chemicals while circumventing NH<sub>3</sub>-dependent and petrochemical-dependent synthesis routes.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n <figure><div><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></div></figure>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Leather Science and Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://JLSE.SpringerOpen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42825-022-00109-z","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Leather Science and Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s42825-022-00109-z","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
The production of high-valued organonitrogen chemicals, especially N-heterocycles, requires artificial N2 fixation accompanied by the consumption of fossil resources. To avoid the use of these energy- and resource-intensive processes, we develop a sustainable strategy to convert nitrogen-rich animal biomass into N-heterocycles through a thermochemical conversion process (TCP) under atmospheric pressure. A high percentage of N-heterocycles (87.51%) were obtained after the TCP of bovine skin due to the abundance of nitrogen-containing amino acids (e.g., glycine, proline, and l-hydroxyproline). Animal biomass with more diverse amino acid composition (e.g., muscles) yielded higher concentrations of amines/amides and nitriles after TCP. In addition, by introducing catalysts (KOH for pyrrole and Al2O3 for cyclo-Gly–Pro) to TCP, the production quantities of pyrrole and cyclo-Gly–Pro increased to 30.79 mg g−1 and 38.88 mg g−1, respectively. This approach can be used to convert the significant animal biomass waste generated annually from animal culls into valued organonitrogen chemicals while circumventing NH3-dependent and petrochemical-dependent synthesis routes.
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