Neil N. Patel MD, MSc, Arushi Gulati BS, P. Daniel Knott MD, Rahul Seth MD
{"title":"Facial masculinization surgery","authors":"Neil N. Patel MD, MSc, Arushi Gulati BS, P. Daniel Knott MD, Rahul Seth MD","doi":"10.1016/j.otot.2023.01.011","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gender-affirming facial surgery (GFS) describes approaches and strategies to surgically feminize or masculinize the face. Although techniques for performing facial feminization surgery are widely described, surgical masculinization techniques are underreported. While hormone treatments typically accomplish adequate masculinization in most cases, nonsurgical therapy is not universally effective. Surgical masculinization may be undertaken after lack of efficacy of nonsurgical therapy. With a deep understanding of the volumetric differences of the male facial skeleton, facial masculinization surgery essentially follows an augmentative paradigm for the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the face. Herein, we describe operative techniques used for facial masculinization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39814,"journal":{"name":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"34 1","pages":"Pages 69-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043181023000118","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
Gender-affirming facial surgery (GFS) describes approaches and strategies to surgically feminize or masculinize the face. Although techniques for performing facial feminization surgery are widely described, surgical masculinization techniques are underreported. While hormone treatments typically accomplish adequate masculinization in most cases, nonsurgical therapy is not universally effective. Surgical masculinization may be undertaken after lack of efficacy of nonsurgical therapy. With a deep understanding of the volumetric differences of the male facial skeleton, facial masculinization surgery essentially follows an augmentative paradigm for the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the face. Herein, we describe operative techniques used for facial masculinization.
期刊介绍：
This large-size, atlas-format journal presents detailed illustrations of new surgical procedures and techniques in otology, rhinology, laryngology, reconstructive head and neck surgery, and facial plastic surgery. Feature articles in each issue are related to a central theme by anatomic area or disease process. The journal will also often contain articles on complications, diagnosis, treatment or rehabilitation. New techniques that are non-operative are also featured.
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