New Insights Into the Clinical and Nonclinical Effects of Psychedelic Substances

IF 3.9 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

European Psychologist Pub Date : 2021-09-17 DOI:10.1027/1016-9040/A000447

M. Forstmann, Christina Sagioglou

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Abstract. After decades of stagnation, research on psychedelic substances (such as lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], psilocybin, or N,N-dimethyltryptamine [DMT]) has experienced a renaissance over the last 10 years, with various major research programs being conducted across Europe and the United States. This research primarily investigates the potential of psychedelics in the treatment of mental health disorders, their short- and long-term effects on recreational users, and the neurological and cognitive processes responsible for their effects. The present review provides a concise summary of the most recent insights gained from this research. We briefly outline the history of psychedelic research, the objective and subjective effects caused by these substances, the prevalence and socio-psychological correlates of their use, as well as their potential for harm. Subsequently, we review empirical research on the beneficial effects of psychedelics in clinical samples, focusing on their efficacy in the treatment of major depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders, and discuss research on the proposed neural and cognitive mechanisms behind these effects. We then review research on their effects on healthy subjects, focusing on psychological well-being as well as changes in personality, nature-relatedness, and creativity. Finally, we review empirical evidence regarding the long-term effects of single experiences with psychedelics and conclude with a summary and outlook.

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致幻剂的临床和非临床作用的新认识

摘要在经历了几十年的停滞之后，迷幻物质（如麦角酸二乙胺[LSD]、裸盖菇素或N，N-二甲基色胺[DMT]）的研究在过去10年中经历了复兴，欧洲和美国正在开展各种重大研究项目。这项研究主要调查了迷幻药在治疗心理健康障碍方面的潜力，其对娱乐使用者的短期和长期影响，以及造成其影响的神经和认知过程。本综述简要总结了从这项研究中获得的最新见解。我们简要概述了迷幻药研究的历史、这些物质造成的客观和主观影响、使用它们的流行率和社会心理相关性，以及它们的潜在危害。随后，我们回顾了临床样本中迷幻药有益作用的实证研究，重点是它们在治疗严重抑郁症、焦虑症和物质使用障碍方面的疗效，并讨论了对这些作用背后的神经和认知机制的研究。然后，我们回顾了关于它们对健康受试者影响的研究，重点关注心理健康以及个性、自然关系和创造力的变化。最后，我们回顾了关于单次服用迷幻药的长期影响的经验证据，并对其进行了总结和展望。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

European Psychologist PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The European Psychologist - is a direct source of information regarding both applied and research psychology throughout Europe; - provides both reviews of specific fields and original papers of seminal importance; integrates across subfields and provides easy access to essential state-of-the-art information in all areas within psychology; - provides a European perspective on many dimensions of new work being done elsewhere in psychology; - makes European psychology visible globally; - promotes scientific and professional cooperation among European psychologists; develops the mutual contribution of psychological theory and practice.