Additively Manufactured Zirconia for Dental Applications with In Situ Color Gradation Control.

IF 2.3 4区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing Pub Date : 2024-06-18 eCollection Date: 2024-06-01 DOI:10.1089/3dp.2023.0006

Lukas Theis, Valdemar Duarte, João C Roque, Telmo Santos, Rui F Martins

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The current process for creating zirconia reconstructions for teeth is time-consuming, expensive, and results in tool wear and raw material waste. An alternative method, near-net shape additive manufacturing capable of producing samples with color gradient is presented as an innovative and more efficient solution. A low-cost robocasting system, which enabled the co-extrusion of two different ceramic inks, was designed and developed. Moreover, hydrogel-based ceramic inks, with rheological properties suitable for the present system, containing commercially available Yttria-stabilized zirconia (white and yellow) powders, were produced. Parts of different color shades and color gradients, with a high aspect ratio and good green body stability, were printed. In addition, precise color measurements were carried out, and co-extruded parts were compared with ultraviolet-C photofunctionalized parts. High fractions of binder in green bodies caused distortions in the samples during air drying and upon sintering. Debinding and sintering at 1500°C yielded parts of relatively low density (4.90-5.09 g/cm³) and hardness (500 HV10-1100 HV10). A slightly different sintering behavior was observed for parts of different compositions. Density and hardness increased with the fraction of iron oxide-containing ink.

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添加制造的氧化锆用于牙科应用，具有现场颜色分级控制

目前的氧化锆牙齿重建工艺耗时长、成本高，而且会造成工具磨损和原材料浪费。作为一种创新和更高效的解决方案，我们提出了一种替代方法，即能够生产具有颜色梯度的样品的近净成形增材制造法。我们设计并开发了一种低成本的机器人浇注系统，可实现两种不同陶瓷油墨的共挤。此外，还生产出了水凝胶基陶瓷墨水，其流变特性适合本系统，并含有市售的钇稳定氧化锆（白色和黄色）粉末。印制出了不同色调和颜色梯度的部件，这些部件具有高纵横比和良好的绿色体稳定性。此外，还进行了精确的颜色测量，并将共挤部件与紫外线-C 光功能化部件进行了比较。绿色坯体中粘合剂的比例过高会导致样品在风干和烧结过程中变形。在 1500°C 下脱胶和烧结得到的部件密度（4.90-5.09 g/cm3）和硬度（500 HV10-1100 HV10）相对较低。不同成分的部件烧结行为略有不同。密度和硬度随着含氧化铁油墨的比例增加而增加。

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来源期刊

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing Materials Science-Materials Science (miscellaneous)

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

6.50%

发文量

126

期刊介绍： 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing is a peer-reviewed journal that provides a forum for world-class research in additive manufacturing and related technologies. The Journal explores emerging challenges and opportunities ranging from new developments of processes and materials, to new simulation and design tools, and informative applications and case studies. Novel applications in new areas, such as medicine, education, bio-printing, food printing, art and architecture, are also encouraged. The Journal addresses the important questions surrounding this powerful and growing field, including issues in policy and law, intellectual property, data standards, safety and liability, environmental impact, social, economic, and humanitarian implications, and emerging business models at the industrial and consumer scales.