Coffee Production and Geographical Indications (GI): An Analysis of the World Panorama and the Brazilian Reality

Abstract

Coffee cultivation is of great importance in the world economy. Due to consumers' demand for products with quality and geographic certification, the topic is relevant. The research objective is to portray the international and Brazilian scenario of the coffee production chain, based on production and Geographical Indications (GIs) for the product. The research is classified as exploratory and descriptive in relation to the approach, and as bibliographical and documental in relation to the means of investigation. It was found that the world's largest coffee producers are Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, and Indonesia. There was a reduction in world production for the 2021/22 crop, due to the low production of arabica coffee in Brazil, but for the 2022/23 crop, an increase in this production is estimated. Most coffee-producing countries follow specific legislation to protect Geographical Indications and others protect them through trademarks. In Brazil, the definition of GI is explained by its species, Indication of Origin (IO), and Denomination of Origin (DO). Brazil is the second with the highest number of GIs for coffee in the world. El Salvador has a GI that represents the entire coffee value chain. Indonesia is the country with the highest number of GIs for coffee in the world and has state support for its promotion. Given this scenario, there is a need to develop public policies aimed at this product. It is indicated for future research the study of these policies and the performance of bodies responsible for the consolidation of GIs in their respective countries.