LAJU EKSPLOITASI KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla serrata) DI PERAIRAN MANGROVE MAYANGAN, SUBANG – JAWA BARAT

Abstract

Penelitian tentang dinamika populasi kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) telah dilaksanakan di perairan mangrove Mayangan, Kecamatan Legonwetan, Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat. Contoh kepiting diambilsecara acak dari hasil tangkapan bubu. Data sebaran frekuensi lebar karapas dikumpulkan selama sebelas bulan pengamatan. Analisis data parameter populasi dilakukan dengan bantuan software FISAT (FAO ICLARMStock Assessment Tools). Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat beberapa kelompok umur/ukuran kepiting bakau. Lebar karapas asimptotik populasi kepiting bakau mencapai 147 mm dengan koefisien pertumbuhan tahunan (K) 0,59. Laju eksploitasi kepiting bakau (E = 0,4) masih di bawah laju eksploitasi optimum. Hasil tangkapan kepiting bakau mencapai 23,8 ton per tahun. Hasil pengukuran di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa 70% berupa kepiting muda (nama lokal “keroyo”). Kondisi ini (growth over fishing) akan semakin mengkhawatirkan jika penangkapan berlangsung terus. Kondisi lingkungan perairan di sekitar mangrove dan perairan pantai cukup menunjang kehidupan biota termasuk larva kepiting bakau dan larva biota lain. Research on population dynamics of mud crab (Scylla serrata) was conducted in mangrove waters Mayangan, District Legonwetan, Subang regency, West Java. The current work was done based on carapace width frequency distribution data collected during eleven months of observation. The crab samples were taken randomly from the catch of trap net. Analysis was using software FISAT (FAOICLARM Stock Assessment Tools). Results show that there were several groups of age / size of mud crabs. Asymptotic length of mud crab population has reached 147 mm (carapace width) with an annual growth curvature (K) 0.59. Exploitation rate (E = 0.4) Of the mud crab population wos under the optimum level. Total undercrab production reached 23.8 tonnes per year, where most of the catch (88%) was of Scylla serrata. The results of field measurements was approximately 7 % of young crabs (local name “keroyo”). This condition of growth over fishing has occurred. It will be more worried if this condition continues. Environmental condition of the waters around mangroves and coastal waters seems be povurable to support the life animal including mud crab larvae and other animals larvae.