Nano-immunoengineering of CAR-T cell therapy against tumor microenvironment: The way forward in combating cancer

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell treatment is an emerging subject following its curative response in hematological metastasis. However, solid tumors present a number of obstructions which have been a bull's eye to steer the CARs toward another victory in solid tumor microenvironment (TME). To combat against solid tumors, the construction, transfection and delivery of CARs is obliged to nano-engineering for better results and success in clinical trials. Herein, in this minireview, we discuss some of the potential and novel applications of nanotechnology to engineer better performing CARs to target solid TME. Moreover, we highlight potential gaps and strategies to overcome for future advancements in nano immunoengineering.