A review on biotechnologically derived techniques to combat COVID-19 situation

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory illness caused by the recent global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), a new strain, is a serious health crisis. Since new virus strains are continuously developing, the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic, also known as COVID-19, is a major concern around the world. Human mortality and economic loss have been significantly impacted by the varying degrees of severity of COVID-19 symptoms, which can range from no symptoms at all to the lethal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Scientists around the world have taken a "war footing" in their search for a method to detect, treat, and immunise against the extremely dangerous COVID-19 virus so that society can return to its pre-pandemic state. Since its first publication, the number of laboratory-based and point-of-care (POC) techniques for detecting and monitoring the outbreak status of COVID-19 viral infection has increased. A rapidly growing and increasingly used approach for detecting COVID-19 is the RT-PCR-based viral nucleic acid test (NAT). Due to the urgent situation caused by the spread of COVID-19, the rapid development of effective, safe immunisations is urgently required. Rapid implementation of mass immunisation measures is the greatest challenge against the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The extremely contagious COVID-19 virus originated during the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic, and the development of diagnostics and possible vaccine candidates has been greatly aided by new biotechnologies and the interdisciplinary approaches they permit. Phase III clinical trials have shown promise for several potential vaccinations against COVID-19, and these vaccines have been granted emergency use authorisation (EUA) for distribution. However, it is critical to find most promising vaccine candidates to protect against the harmful strains that are anticipated to arise in the future and the most effective ways to give them. This review article will aid in the development of diagnostic tests and immunisations for COVID-19, which may contribute to the global eradication of virus