A Mini Review on Diagnostic Criteria of Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Chronic Obesity in Children and Adolescent

Abstract

Obesity is defined as an abnormal metabolic condition due to imbalance between amount of energy getting from food consumption and energy required for daily activity. When energy getting exceed than energy needed, ultimately person lands into obesity. Metabolic syndrome considered as a coexistence clinical sign and syndrome like hypertension, cardiovascular diseases or type 2 diabetes which used to corelate with long term obesity. Metabolic syndrome usually associated of increased circumference of waist, enhanced fasting blood glucose, hyperinsulinemia, reduced blood level of HDL cholesterol, increased peripheral arterial pressure, proinflammatory and prothrombotic states. The etiological factors of metabolic syndrome used to relate usually with two causes: “associated with adipose tissue” and “associated with diabetes”. The fundamental effects of all these metabolic changes leads to increased fat mass, which is considered as basic element of the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Inadequate physical activity, caloric and highly processed fast foods are also responsible for the development of Metabolic Syndrome. In this current review study, it was discussed how adipose tissue has an influence in the progression of metabolic syndrome and the common denominator that links obesity to insulin resistance, which leads to low grade chronic inflammatory states in children and adolescent.