The Pioneer Anomaly

IF 26.3 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS
Slava G. Turyshev, Viktor T. Toth
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引用次数: 148

Abstract

Radio-metric Doppler tracking data received from the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft from heliocentric distances of 20–70 AU has consistently indicated the presence of a small, anomalous, blue-shifted frequency drift uniformly changing with a rate of ~ 6 × 10?9 Hz/s. Ultimately, the drift was interpreted as a constant sunward deceleration of each particular spacecraft at the level of aP = (8.74 ± 1.33) × 10?10 m/s2. This apparent violation of the Newton’s gravitational inverse-square law has become known as the Pioneer anomaly; the nature of this anomaly remains unexplained. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the physical properties of the anomaly and the conditions that led to its detection and characterization. We review various mechanisms proposed to explain the anomaly and discuss the current state of efforts to determine its nature. A comprehensive new investigation of the anomalous behavior of the two Pioneers has begun recently. The new efforts rely on the much-extended set of radio-metric Doppler data for both spacecraft in conjunction with the newly available complete record of their telemetry files and a large archive of original project documentation. As the new study is yet to report its findings, this review provides the necessary background for the new results to appear in the near future. In particular, we provide a significant amount of information on the design, operations and behavior of the two Pioneers during their entire missions, including descriptions of various data formats and techniques used for their navigation and radio-science data analysis. As most of this information was recovered relatively recently, it was not used in the previous studies of the Pioneer anomaly, but it is critical for the new investigation.

Abstract Image

先锋号异常
先驱者10号和11号航天器从20-70天文单位的日心距离接收到的无线电多普勒跟踪数据一致表明,存在一个小的、异常的、蓝移的频率漂移,其速率均匀地变化为~ 6 × 10?9 Hz / s。最终,漂移被解释为每个特定航天器在aP =(8.74±1.33)× 10?10米/ s2。这种明显违反牛顿引力平方反比定律的现象被称为先驱者异常;这一异常现象的性质仍未得到解释。在这篇综述中,我们总结了目前对异常物理性质的了解以及导致其检测和表征的条件。我们回顾了各种机制提出的解释异常和讨论努力确定其性质的现状。最近,一项针对两名先驱者异常行为的全面调查已经开始。新的工作依赖于两艘航天器的大量无线电测量多普勒数据集,以及它们最新获得的遥测文件的完整记录和大量原始项目文件档案。由于新研究尚未报告其结果,本综述为新结果在不久的将来出现提供了必要的背景。特别是,我们提供了大量关于两艘先驱者号在整个任务期间的设计、操作和行为的信息,包括各种数据格式和用于导航和无线电科学数据分析的技术的描述。由于这些信息大部分是最近才恢复的,因此在之前对先锋号异常的研究中没有使用,但对新的调查至关重要。
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来源期刊
Living Reviews in Relativity
Living Reviews in Relativity 物理-物理:粒子与场物理
CiteScore
69.90
自引率
0.70%
发文量
0
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Living Reviews in Relativity is a peer-reviewed, platinum open-access journal that publishes reviews of research across all areas of relativity. Directed towards the scientific community at or above the graduate-student level, articles are solicited from leading authorities and provide critical assessments of current research. They offer annotated insights into key literature and describe available resources, maintaining an up-to-date suite of high-quality reviews, thus embodying the "living" aspect of the journal's title. Serving as a valuable tool for the scientific community, Living Reviews in Relativity is often the first stop for researchers seeking information on current work in relativity. Written by experts, the reviews cite, explain, and assess the most relevant resources in a given field, evaluating existing work and suggesting areas for further research. Attracting readers from the entire relativity community, the journal is useful for graduate students conducting literature surveys, researchers seeking the latest results in unfamiliar fields, and lecturers in need of information and visual materials for presentations at all levels.
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