A review on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: public health risk factors, prevention, and treatment

Abstract

In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that 80 461 invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections and 11 285 related deaths occurred in 2011. In the United Kingdom, around 190 people passed away from MRSA disease in 2021. Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan, and Greece also have MRSA infections, along with the whole world. MRSA caused less than 2% of bacterial diseases in the United States in 1974, while the percentage rate increased up to 64% in 2004 only 10 years to increase the infection rate to 300%. In the United States, MRSA killed almost 18 000 more people in the United States in 2005 than the HIV. MRSA is classified as either community-acquired or health-related. Both are community-acquired MRSA or health-related MRSA, and both can be transmitted through skin contact. CA-MRSA, like severe pneumonia, septic conditions, and necrotizing fasciitis, can contaminate soft tissue, causing bubbles and skin abscesses. MRSA influences patients in medical clinic settings like nursing homes, medical clinics, and dialysis centers, as a rule, bringing about blood diseases, careful cut contamination, or pneumonia. The MRSA disease is exceptionally dangerous for newborn children, the elderly, and the debilitated.