Physics and Metaphysics in an Early Ottoman Madrasa: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī on the Nature of Time

IF 0.5 3区社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Oriens Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI:10.1163/18778372-12340014

R. Todd

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Although overshadowed by his celebrated commentaries on Ibn ʿArabī and Ibn al-Fāriḍ, Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī’s (d. 750/1351) treatise on the philosophy of time – the Nihāyat al-bayān fī dirāyat al-zamān (The Utmost Elucidation Concerning Knowledge of Time) – is a notable milestone in the history of Islamic conceptions of temporality. Composed around the start of Qayṣarī’s tenure as head of the first Ottoman madrasa, the Nihāyat al-bayān rejects the Aristotelian definition of time as the number of motion in favor of Abū l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī’s concept of zamān as the measure of being. Challenging, likewise, portrayals of time as a flux or succession of fleeting instants, Qayṣarī propounds instead an absolutist vision of time as an integral, objectively existent whole. Qayṣarī’s reassessment of dominant medieval theories of temporality – including kalām atomism and the Neoplatonic distinction between time, perpetuity, and eternity – is thus shown to be a key early example of what was to become an abiding Ottoman interest in time and timekeeping.

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早期奥斯曼宗教学校的物理学和形而上学:Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī关于时间的本质

尽管被他对伊本·阿拉比和伊本·法里的著名评论所掩盖ḍ, DāwúD al-Qayṣ阿（公元750/1351年）关于时间哲学的论文——《关于时间知识的最详尽解释》（Nihāyat al-bayān fīdirāyat-al-zamān）——是伊斯兰时间概念史上一个引人注目的里程碑。创作于凯开始前后ṣ在阿担任第一所奥斯曼宗教学校的校长期间，尼哈亚特·巴扬拒绝接受亚里士多德关于时间是运动次数的定义，而支持阿布·巴拉克的zamān概念作为存在的衡量标准。同样，将时间描绘成转瞬即逝的瞬间的流动或连续也是一种挑战，Qayṣ相反，arī提出了一种绝对主义的观点，认为时间是一个完整的、客观存在的整体。Qayṣ因此，阿对中世纪占主导地位的时间性理论的重新评估——包括kalām原子论和新柏拉图主义对时间、永恒和永恒的区分——被证明是奥斯曼帝国对时间和计时的持久兴趣的一个关键的早期例子。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Oriens HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

1.10

自引率

33.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Oriens is dedicated to extending our knowledge of intellectual history and developments in the rationalist disciplines in Islamic civilization, with a special emphasis on philosophy, theology, and science. These disciplines had a profoundly rich and lasting life in Islamic civilization and often interacted in complex ways--from the period of their introduction to Islamic civilization in the translation movement that began in the eighth century, through the early and classical periods of development, to the post-classical age, when they shaped even such disciplines as legal theory and poetics. The journal''s range extends from the early and classical to the early modern periods (ca. 700-1900 CE) and it engages all regions and languages of Islamic civilization. In the tradition of Hellmut Ritter, who founded Oriens in 1948, the central focus of interest of the journal is on the medieval and early modern periods of the Near and Middle East. Within this framework, the opening up of the sources and the pursuit of philological and historical research based on original source material is the main concern of its editors and contributors. In addition to individual articles, Oriens welcomes proposals for thematic volumes within the series.