Tillage and Plant Density as Measures of Adaptation to Climate Change

V. Malyarchuk, E. Fedorchuk
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Abstract

Abstract. The article presents the results of research of the South-Ukrainian branch of UkrNDIPVT L. Pogoriloho on the adaptation of winter wheat cultivation technologies in grain and steam crop rotations to increase the aridity of the climate by optimizing the density of standing plants, methods and depth of basic tillage. The purpose of research is to adjust the seeding rate by changing the width of the rows when growing winter wheat, as an agro-technological measure of accumulation and rational use of soil moisture (agro-technological direction of adaptation to climate change). Determining the influence of sowing rate, with different methods of tillage, on the productivity and economic efficiency of growing winter wheat in crop rotations on non-irrigated lands of southern Ukraine. Methods and Materials: field, quantitative-weight, visual and laboratory methods. Mathematical and statistical methods were used to systematize and generalize the obtained results. Research results. It has been experimentally established that the replacement of plowing to a depth of 28-30 cm for winter wheat crops with shallow (10-12 cm) disc tillage and reduction of the sowing rate of winter wheat variety «Kherson-99» to 2.25 million pieces similar seeds per hectare, by increasing the width between rows, provided an increase in grain yield by 16.7 % in 2020 and 7.7% in 2021. The profit per 1 hectare with this technology amounted to UAH 13280,5 in 2020 and UAH 28484,9 in 2021, which is 18.4 % and 9.3 % more than similar indicators in deep plowing and 31.3 % and 8.9 % more than the classic sowing rate (4.5 million units/ha). Conclusions. The efficiency of replacing deep plowing with shallow disc loosening and reducing the sowing rate to 2.25 million units/ha in the cultivation of winter wheat Kherson-99 in grain and steam crop rotation of the South of Ukraine was confirmed. A regularity in the size of the effect of reducing the seeding rate under drier conditions of the growing season was revealed.
耕作和植物密度作为适应气候变化的措施
摘要本文介绍了乌克兰ndipvt南乌分支机构L. Pogoriloho对冬小麦种植技术在粮食和蒸汽作物轮作中的适应性研究成果,通过优化立木密度、基本耕作方法和深度来增加气候的干旱。研究的目的是通过改变冬小麦种植时的行宽来调节播种率,作为土壤水分积累和合理利用的农业技术措施(适应气候变化的农业技术方向)。确定不同耕作方式下播种率对乌克兰南部非灌溉区轮作冬小麦生产力和经济效益的影响。方法和材料:现场法、定量法、目测法和实验室法。采用数学和统计方法对所得结果进行了系统化和一般化。研究的结果。实验证明,冬小麦用浅盘耕作(10-12厘米)代替28-30厘米的深度耕作,并通过增加行间距,将冬小麦品种“赫尔松-99”的播种率减少到每公顷225万粒类似种子,2020年和2021年的粮食产量分别增加16.7%和7.7%。该技术的每公顷利润在2020年达到13280,5澳元,2021年达到2848,9澳元,比类似的深耕指标分别高出18.4%和9.3%,比传统播种率(450万单位/公顷)分别高出31.3%和8.9%。结论。在乌克兰南部粮食和蒸汽轮作的冬小麦Kherson-99种植中,以浅盘松动代替深耕,将播种率降低到225万单位/公顷的效率得到了证实。揭示了在生长季节干燥条件下降低播种率效应大小的规律性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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