Milk and Milk Packaging in the Soviet Union: Technologies of Production and Consumption, 1950s–70s

IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY
E. Kochetkova
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

This article examines the nature of Soviet consumption and technological development through the history of milk and milk packaging between the 1950s and 1970s. Based on published and archival materials, the paper focuses on the role that milk played in Soviet nutrition and the role that packaging played in Soviet consumption. The article also examines the modernization of technology for making packaging as well as technology transfer from the West. It concludes that, as in many Western countries, both the Soviet state and Soviet specialists saw it as important to increase the consumption of milk after the war, but the meaning of milk changed. Milk, a basic staple for nutrition, became a matter of science and specialists sought to explain its positive effects. In addition, due to the development of the paper and chemical industries, new forms of milk packaging, more practical in their uses, were introduced in the West. Soviet leaders and specialists saw the new packaging as a desirable feature of modernity, but were unsuccessful in launching domestic technologies for manufacturing such packaging. While experimenting with domestic technology, Soviet producers also received foreign equipment for making milk packaging. Nevertheless, the capacity of such foreign equipment was not enough to satisfy growing demand and the consumption of “modern packaging” remained lower than in the West until the introduction of capitalism and, with it, foreign companies into the Russian market in the 1990s.
苏联的牛奶和牛奶包装:20世纪50年代至70年代的生产和消费技术
本文通过20世纪50年代至70年代牛奶和牛奶包装的历史,考察了苏联消费和技术发展的本质。基于出版和档案资料,本文重点研究了牛奶在苏联营养中的作用以及包装在苏联消费中的作用。文章还考察了包装制造技术的现代化以及来自西方的技术转移。它的结论是,与许多西方国家一样,苏联政府和苏联专家都认为战后增加牛奶的消费量很重要,但牛奶的含义发生了变化。作为营养的基本主食,牛奶成了一个科学问题,专家们试图解释它的积极作用。此外,由于造纸业和化学工业的发展,西方引进了用途更实用的新型牛奶包装。苏联领导人和专家将这种新型包装视为现代化的理想特征,但未能成功推出制造这种包装的国内技术。在试验国内技术的同时,苏联生产商也接受了国外的牛奶包装设备。然而,这种外国设备的产能不足以满足日益增长的需求,“现代包装”的消费一直低于西方,直到20世纪90年代引入资本主义和外国公司进入俄罗斯市场。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
50.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: Russian History’s mission is the publication of original articles on the history of Russia through the centuries, in the assumption that all past experiences are inter-related. Russian History seeks to discover, analyze, and understand the most interesting experiences and relationships and elucidate their causes and consequences. Contributors to the journal take their stand from different perspectives: intellectual, economic and military history, domestic, social and class relations, relations with non-Russian peoples, nutrition and health, all possible events that had an influence on Russia. Russian History is the international platform for the presentation of such findings.
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