Out of Sight, Still in Mind: The Consequences of Nonfoveal Viewing of Emotional Faces in Social Anxiety

IF 1 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI:10.1521/jscp.2022.41.6.578

M. Judah, Nathan M. Hager, Alicia L Milam, Gabrielle M. Ramsey-Wilson, Hannah C. Hamrick, Tiphanie G Sutton

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Abstract

Background: Anxiety sensitivity social concerns (ASSC) is a risk factor for social anxiety disorder that may motivate avoidance of eye contact (i.e., gaze avoidance), thereby maintaining anxiety. Gaze avoidance displaces socially relevant stimuli (e.g., faces) from foveal (i.e., center) vision, possibly reducing visual sensation of faces and giving an opportunity to misperceive others as rejecting. Methods: We tested the effects of non-foveal viewing on perceiving faces as rejecting, whether there is an indirect effect of ASSC on state anxiety explained by perceived rejection, and whether the indirect effect depended on non-foveal viewing of faces. Participants (N = 118) viewed faces presented within foveal and non-foveal positions and rated how rejecting each face appeared to be, followed by ratings of their own state anxiety. Results: ASSC was associated with perceiving faces as rejecting regardless of face position. There was an indirect effect of ASSC on state anxiety ratings that was explained by perceived rejection, but only in the non-foveal positions. The indirect effect was due to an association between perceived rejection and state anxiety that was only present when faces were viewed in non-foveal vision. Discussion: The findings suggest ASSC may maintain state anxiety partially through the perceived rejection someone experiences while avoiding the gaze of others. This study supports cognitive theories of social anxiety and encourages cognitive-behavioral interventions for gaze avoidance in people with social anxiety disorder.

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看不见，记在心里:社交焦虑患者对情绪面孔的非中央凹观察的结果

背景:焦虑敏感性社会关注(ASSC)是社交焦虑障碍的一个危险因素，它可能激发回避眼神接触(即凝视回避)，从而维持焦虑。凝视回避从中央凹(即中心)视觉中取代了与社会相关的刺激(例如，面孔)，可能会减少对面孔的视觉感觉，并给他人误解为拒绝的机会。方法:我们测试了非中央凹观看对感知排斥面孔的影响，ASSC是否对被感知排斥的状态焦虑有间接影响，以及这种间接影响是否依赖于非中央凹观看面孔。参与者(N = 118)观看了出现在中央窝和非中央窝位置的面孔，并对每张面孔的拒绝程度进行了评分，随后对他们自己的焦虑状态进行了评分。结果:无论脸的位置如何，ASSC都与对脸的排斥感有关。ASSC对状态焦虑评分有间接影响，这可以用感知排斥来解释，但仅在非中央凹位置。间接影响是由于感知排斥和状态焦虑之间的联系，这种联系只在非中央凹视觉中出现。讨论:研究结果表明，ASSC可能部分地通过某人在避免他人注视时感受到的拒绝来维持状态焦虑。本研究支持了社交焦虑的认知理论，并鼓励对社交焦虑障碍患者的凝视回避进行认知行为干预。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology Multiple-

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： This journal is devoted to the application of theory and research from social psychology toward the better understanding of human adaptation and adjustment, including both the alleviation of psychological problems and distress (e.g., psychopathology) and the enhancement of psychological well-being among the psychologically healthy. Topics of interest include (but are not limited to) traditionally defined psychopathology (e.g., depression), common emotional and behavioral problems in living (e.g., conflicts in close relationships), the enhancement of subjective well-being, and the processes of psychological change in everyday life (e.g., self-regulation) and professional settings (e.g., psychotherapy and counseling). Articles reporting the results of theory-driven empirical research are given priority, but theoretical articles, review articles, clinical case studies, and essays on professional issues are also welcome. Articles describing the development of new scales (personality or otherwise) or the revision of existing scales are not appropriate for this journal.