A survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu County, Kenya

Q1 Environmental Science

Infection Ecology and Epidemiology Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI:10.1080/20008686.2018.1547094

Gladys Anyango, F. Mutua, I. Kagera, Pauline Andang`O, D. Grace, J. Lindahl

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引用次数: 17

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Food safety is of increasing global concern, and a OneHealth issue requiring attention of many disciplines. Aflatoxins are toxins produced by fungi and found in foods and feeds, and exposure causes negative health effects in humans and animals. When lactating animals consume aflatoxin B1, the metabolite (AFM1) is transferred to milk. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed to determine characteristics of smallholder dairy farming in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu and quantify AFM1 in milk. Data was collected from 97 randomly selected dairy farms on farming practices, milk production, and awareness about aflatoxins. Collected milk samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for AFM1. Results: Average milk produced was 13 liters per day per household and mainly used for household consumption and sold to neighbours. Farmers mainly fed cows on forage and concentrates (62.9%). Levels of AFM1 ranged from below the detection limit to 151 ppt, with a mean of 29.67 ppt; 26.4% exceeding the EU limit. Concentrate feeding was associated with higher AFM1 levels (p = 0.002); with farms feeding concentrates more likely to have levels exceeding 50 ppt (OR = 10.1). Conclusion: In conclusion, milk produced by small holder dairy farmers in Kisumu County frequently is contaminated with AFM1, implying health risks for human and animals.

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肯尼亚基苏木县城市和城郊地区生产的原料奶中黄曲霉毒素M1污染的调查

摘要背景:食品安全问题日益受到全球关注，是一个需要多学科关注的健康问题。黄曲霉毒素是由真菌产生的毒素，存在于食品和饲料中，接触黄曲霉毒素会对人类和动物的健康产生负面影响。当哺乳动物摄入黄曲霉毒素B1时，其代谢物(AFM1)被转移到乳汁中。方法:设计了一项横断面研究，以确定基苏木城市和城郊地区小农奶牛养殖的特征，并量化牛奶中的AFM1。从97个随机选择的奶牛场收集了有关耕作方式、牛奶产量和对黄曲霉毒素认识的数据。采集的牛奶样品采用AFM1酶联免疫吸附法进行分析。结果:每户平均每天生产13升牛奶，主要用于家庭消费和出售给邻居。农民以饲料和精料为主(62.9%)。AFM1水平范围从低于检测限到151 ppt，平均29.67 ppt;超过欧盟规定的26.4%。精料饲喂与AFM1水平升高相关(p = 0.002);农场饲养的浓缩饲料更有可能超过50 ppt (OR = 10.1)。结论:基苏木县小农奶农生产的牛奶经常受到AFM1污染，对人类和动物存在健康风险。

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来源期刊

Infection Ecology and Epidemiology Environmental Science-Environmental Science (miscellaneous)

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Infection Ecology & Epidemiology aims to stimulate inter-disciplinary collaborations dealing with a range of subjects, from the plethora of zoonotic infections in humans, over diseases with implication in wildlife ecology, to advanced virology and bacteriology. The journal specifically welcomes papers from studies where researchers from multiple medical and ecological disciplines are collaborating so as to increase our knowledge of the emergence, spread and effect of new and re-emerged infectious diseases in humans, domestic animals and wildlife. Main areas of interest include, but are not limited to: 1.Zoonotic microbioorganisms 2.Vector borne infections 3.Gastrointestinal pathogens 4.Antimicrobial resistance 5.Zoonotic microbioorganisms in changing environment